Properties of salt dust in dry lake-basin in the Bashang region of Hebei Province

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00287

Journal of Desert Research ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 296-307.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00287

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Properties of salt dust in dry lake-basin in the Bashang region of Hebei Province

Yixiao Yuan(), Rende Wang(), Hongjun Jiang, Shiping Gao, Qing Li, Tao Zhang

Institute of Geographical Sciences / Engineering and Technology Research Center for Application and Development of Geographic Information of Hebei Province，Hebei Academy of Sciences，Shijiazhuang 050011，China

Received:2025-10-21 Revised:2025-12-02 Online:2026-07-20 Published:2026-08-27
Contact: Rende Wang

Abstract

Abstract:

Under the combined effects of climate change and irrational human activities， many lakes in the Bashang region of Hebei Province have experienced continuous shrinkage and a tendency towards desiccation. The loose and salt-rich sediments on the dry lake-basin surface were entrained into the air under strong wind erosion， ultimately forming salt-dust storms. These storms pose a severe threat to the atmospheric environment and ecological security of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and even the North China area. Understanding the salt dust physicochemical properties is critical for studying its emission mechanisms， tracing its sources， and assessing salt dust risks. We collected salt-dust deposit samples from five typical dry lake-basins during the spring of 2023 and 2024. Laboratory analyses were conducted to determine grain-size distribution and salinity composition. Based on these results， we investigated the material sources and transport mechanisms of the salt dust， thereby revealing the severity of salt-dust pollution. Results indicated that the salt dust had a close material relationship with the local surface soils， and the fine-grained material within the salt dust can undergo long-distance transport via wind， while the coarser particles tend to settle locally. Wind-driven sorting and transport led to insignificant differences in the particle size composition of salt dust among the dry lake-basins. The salt content was notably higher in seasonally dry lake-basins than perennial dry ones. Compared to ordinary sand dust， salt dust with finer average particle size and higher content of salt and soluble ions posed a greater potential hazard to the environment.

Key words: Bashang region, dry lake-basin, salt dust, particle size, salinity

CLC Number:

Yixiao Yuan, Rende Wang, Hongjun Jiang, Shiping Gao, Qing Li, Tao Zhang. Properties of salt dust in dry lake-basin in the Bashang region of Hebei Province[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2026, 46(4): 296-307.

Figures/Tables 17

Fig.1 Locations of dry lake-basins in Bashang region of Hebei Province and collecting sites of salt dust aeolian deposit

Fig.2 Buckets used for collecting salt dust

Table 1 Salt dust collection time and sediment flux

次序	收集时段	安固里淖	察汗淖尔	白淖	大盐淖	小盐淖
1	2023.03.31-04.27	—	0.311	—	—	—
2	2023.04.28-05.15	1.211	0.003	0.200	0.472	0.010
3	2024.03.23-04.13	0.003	0.002	0.407	0.002	—
4	2024.04.14-05.15	—	—	—	0.006	—

Fig.3 Collecting dust from farmland and grassland

Table 2 Udden-Wentworth grading standard

粒级	粒径范围/μm	粒径范围/Φ
粘粒	0~2	>8
粉沙	2~63	8~4
极细沙	63~125	4~3
细沙	125~250	3~2
中沙	250~500	2~1
粗沙	500~1 000	1~0
极粗沙	1 000~2 000	0~-1

Table 3 Statistical characteristics of each grain-size component content in salt dust

湖盆	参数	黏粒	粉沙	极细沙	细沙	中沙	粗沙	极粗沙
安固里淖	平均值	0.10	86.32	8.50	3.18	1.51	0.30	0.06
安固里淖	标准差	0.04	3.94	1.63	1.34	0.78	0.35	0.10
察汗淖尔	平均值	0.26	79.35	11.50	5.57	2.71	0.54	0.06
察汗淖尔	标准差	0.07	3.17	1.73	1.02	0.68	0.36	0.08
白淖	平均值	0.02	88.99	6.13	2.93	1.57	0.36	0.00
白淖	标准差	0.02	1.41	0.60	0.10	0.34	0.46	0.00
大盐淖	平均值	0.16	83.97	9.33	4.25	2.08	0.20	0.01
大盐淖	标准差	0.05	1.94	0.63	0.66	0.55	0.14	0.01
小盐淖	平均值	0.10	78.13	10.41	7.61	3.49	0.27	0.00
小盐淖	标准差	0.08	2.83	0.54	0.74	2.33	0.38	0.00
均值	平均值	0.13	83.35	9.17	4.71	2.27	0.34	0.03
均值	标准差	0.05	2.66	1.03	0.77	0.93	0.34	0.04

Fig.4 Grain-size distribution in salt dust （dotted line） and topsoil （solid line）

Fig.5 Relationship between salt dust and topsoil in the contents of silt， very fine sand， fine sand and medium sand

Table 4 Grain-size parameters of salt dust and topsoil

湖盆	盐尘				表土
湖盆	平均粒径/Ф	峰度	偏度	分选系数/Ф	平均粒径/Ф	峰度	偏度	分选系数/Ф
安固里淖	5.63	0.98	0.00	1.46	6.36	0.95	-0.03	1.11
察汗淖尔	5.34	0.92	-0.05	1.65	6.45	0.91	-0.01	1.14
白淖	5.80	1.01	0.08	1.46	6.27	1.03	-0.15	1.34
大盐淖	5.69	1.11	0.10	1.16	6.04	1.03	-0.28	1.61
小盐淖	5.43	0.92	0.15	1.81	6.29	1.11	-0.11	1.17
平均	5.57	0.99	0.06	1.59	6.28	1.00	-0.11	1.27

Table 5 Content of total salt and soluble salt ions

湖盆	参数	全盐	Na⁺	Mg²⁺	Ca²⁺	K⁺	Cl^-	SO $4 2 -$	CO $3 2 -$	HCO $3 -$
安固里淖	平均值	54.66	27.54	0.12	0.20	0.13	28.71	3.63	0.33	1.03
安固里淖	标准差	39.79	14.55	0.15	0.32	0.04	12.95	0.15	0.20	0.31
察汗淖尔	平均值	14.38	7.99	0.01	0.03	0.02	8.28	2.54	0.21	1.34
察汗淖尔	标准差	7.05	3.03	0.00	0.01	0.01	4.12	0.72	0.12	0.30
白淖	平均值	120.19	38.91	3.12	2.77	0.53	40.14	3.27	0.00	0.53
白淖	标准差	21.33	8.11	1.16	0.26	0.25	18.36	0.42	0.00	0.15
大盐淖	平均值	212.23	61.75	9.00	3.65	0.42	78.14	3.66	0.00	0.73
大盐淖	标准差	36.44	12.53	1.18	1.69	0.03	12.99	1.33	0.00	0.21
小盐淖	平均值	797.10	191.11	20.64	5.76	2.22	344.66	21.82	0.25	0.44
小盐淖	标准差	1.83	2.31	0.34	0.35	0.14	1.38	2.29	0.01	0.03
均值	平均值	239.71	65.46	6.58	2.48	0.66	99.99	6.98	0.27	0.82
均值	标准差	21.29	8.11	0.57	0.53	0.09	9.96	0.98	0.07	0.20

Table 5 Content of total salt and soluble salt ions

湖盆	参数	全盐	Na⁺	Mg²⁺	Ca²⁺	K⁺	Cl^-	SO $4 2 -$	CO $3 2 -$	HCO $3 -$
安固里淖	平均值	54.66	27.54	0.12	0.20	0.13	28.71	3.63	0.33	1.03
安固里淖	标准差	39.79	14.55	0.15	0.32	0.04	12.95	0.15	0.20	0.31
察汗淖尔	平均值	14.38	7.99	0.01	0.03	0.02	8.28	2.54	0.21	1.34
察汗淖尔	标准差	7.05	3.03	0.00	0.01	0.01	4.12	0.72	0.12	0.30
白淖	平均值	120.19	38.91	3.12	2.77	0.53	40.14	3.27	0.00	0.53
白淖	标准差	21.33	8.11	1.16	0.26	0.25	18.36	0.42	0.00	0.15
大盐淖	平均值	212.23	61.75	9.00	3.65	0.42	78.14	3.66	0.00	0.73
大盐淖	标准差	36.44	12.53	1.18	1.69	0.03	12.99	1.33	0.00	0.21
小盐淖	平均值	797.10	191.11	20.64	5.76	2.22	344.66	21.82	0.25	0.44
小盐淖	标准差	1.83	2.31	0.34	0.35	0.14	1.38	2.29	0.01	0.03
均值	平均值	239.71	65.46	6.58	2.48	0.66	99.99	6.98	0.27	0.82
均值	标准差	21.29	8.11	0.57	0.53	0.09	9.96	0.98	0.07	0.20

Fig.6 Comparison of salt composition between salt dust and topsoil

Fig.7 Relationship between salt composition of salt dust and topsoil

Table 6 Correlation between grain-size composition and salinity

变量	黏粒	粉沙	极细沙	细沙	中沙	粗沙	极粗沙
全盐	-0.49^**	0.36^*	-0.45^**	-0.23	-0.28	-0.48^**	-0.43^*
Na⁺	-0.53^**	0.34	-0.43^*	-0.22	-0.28	-0.44^*	-0.40^*
Mg²⁺	-0.30	0.10	-0.21	0.00	-0.03	-0.29	-0.21
Ca²⁺	-0.36^*	0.13	-0.18	0.00	-0.09	-0.29	-0.31
K⁺	-0.60^**	0.40^*	-0.48^**	-0.26	-0.32	-0.47^**	-0.41^*
Cl^-	-0.48^**	0.32	-0.40^*	-0.20	-0.27	-0.50^**	-0.34
SO $4 2 -$	-0.29	0.28	-0.32	-0.22	-0.28	-0.28	-0.15
CO $3 2 -$	-0.54^*	0.52^*	-0.63^**	-0.31	-0.48*	-0.50^*	-0.46^*
HCO $3 -$	0.43^*	-0.41^*	0.47^**	0.23	0.36*	0.52^**	0.36^*

Table 6 Correlation between grain-size composition and salinity

变量	黏粒	粉沙	极细沙	细沙	中沙	粗沙	极粗沙
全盐	-0.49^**	0.36^*	-0.45^**	-0.23	-0.28	-0.48^**	-0.43^*
Na⁺	-0.53^**	0.34	-0.43^*	-0.22	-0.28	-0.44^*	-0.40^*
Mg²⁺	-0.30	0.10	-0.21	0.00	-0.03	-0.29	-0.21
Ca²⁺	-0.36^*	0.13	-0.18	0.00	-0.09	-0.29	-0.31
K⁺	-0.60^**	0.40^*	-0.48^**	-0.26	-0.32	-0.47^**	-0.41^*
Cl^-	-0.48^**	0.32	-0.40^*	-0.20	-0.27	-0.50^**	-0.34
SO $4 2 -$	-0.29	0.28	-0.32	-0.22	-0.28	-0.28	-0.15
CO $3 2 -$	-0.54^*	0.52^*	-0.63^**	-0.31	-0.48*	-0.50^*	-0.46^*
HCO $3 -$	0.43^*	-0.41^*	0.47^**	0.23	0.36*	0.52^**	0.36^*

Table 7 Comparison of salt composition between salt dust and ordinary dust （g·kg-1 ）

	全盐	Na⁺	K⁺	Cl^-
盐尘	239.71	65.46	0.66	99.99
沙尘（农田）	0.98	0.22	0.05	0.24
沙尘（草地）	1.4	0.58	0.28	—

Table 8 Threshold friction velocity （ u*t ） and threshold velocity （ ut ） at 10 m height for different grain-size

粒径/μm	u_*t/（m·s^-1）	U_t/（m·s^-1）
2	0.02	0.86
63	0.11	4.85
125	0.16	6.83
250	0.23	9.66
500	0.32	13.67
1 000	0.46	19.33
2 000	0.64	27.33

Fig.8 Distribution frequency of wind speed during the spring （from March to May） of 2023-2024

Fig.9 Comparison of grain-size distribution between salt dust and topsoil

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Properties of salt dust in dry lake-basin in the Bashang region of Hebei Province

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