1961-2010年武威市气温日较差变化趋势及影响因子分析

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2013.00303

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用1961-2010年武威市5个气象站逐日地面最高气温、最低气温及年平均气温、日照时数、蒸发量、降水量、相对湿度、平均风速等观测资料，运用趋势系数法系统分析了该区域近50年气温日较差的时空分布及强度特征，采用多元线性回归中的标准化回归系数分析了影响气温日较差的气象因子。结果表明：受天气系统、地形地貌以及海拔等影响，武威市气温日较差低海拔地区大于高海拔地区。各地年、年代气温日较差总体呈减小趋势，民勤县、古浪县的减小趋势尤为显著，年平均气温日较差的时间序列存在着6～8年的准周期变化；各季节气温日较差变化趋势不太一致，总体上呈减小趋势；月气温日较差变化也存在差异，除天祝藏族自治县外，3月和9月为两个低谷，4-6月和10月为两个高峰。年气温日较差极大值和极小值均呈减小趋势。年最高、最低气温均呈升高趋势，年气温日较差与年最高、最低气温呈相反的变化趋势，最低气温的快速升高和最高气温的缓慢升高是气温日较差减小的直接原因，最低气温显著升高的季节气温日较差的减小趋势更大。影响武威市气温日较差的主要因子是蒸发量、平均气温、平均风速、日照时数，关联性最强的是蒸发量，其次是平均气温，其中气温日较差与日照时数、蒸发量、相对湿度以及平均风速呈正相关，与平均气温和降水量呈负相关。影响各地气温日较差的主要因子有所不同。

关键词: 气温日较差, 变化趋势, 气象因子, 相关性

Abstract: Using daily maximum temperature, minimum temperature and mean temperature, sunshine hours, evaporation, precipitation, relative humidity, average wind speed observation data from five meteorological stations in Wuwei from 1961 to 2010, characteristics of spatial-temporal distribution and intensity of diurnal temperature range were systematically analyzed with trend coefficient method, meteorological influence factors of diurnal temperature range were analyzed with standardized regressive coefficient in multi-linear regression. The local diurnal temperature range in low altitude area was bigger than in high altitude area because of effects of local weather system, landform and altitude. Diurnal temperature range assumed overall reducing trend at scales of year and decade, the reducing trend was very obvious in Gulang and Minqin. Time series of diurnal temperature range had six to eight years quasi-periodic variation. Variation trend of diurnal temperature range in each season was inconsistent, assumed overall reducing trend. Monthly variation of diurnal temperature range also had certain difference, except Tianzhu two troughs are in March and September, two peaks were from April to June and in Octomber. Maximum and minimum values of annual diurnal temperature range assumed reducing trend. Annual maximum and minimum temperatures assumed increasing trend. Annual diurnal temperature range and annual maximum and minimum temperatures assumed opposite variation trend. Minimum temperature rapid increasing and maximum temperature slow rising were the direct reason of diurnal temperature range reducing. Reducing trend of diurnal temperature range was greater in the season of minimum temperature significant increasing. Evaporation, mean air temperature, average wind speed and sunshine were the main influencing factors of annual diurnal temperature range in Wuwei. The most relevant factor was evaporation, the second was average temperature. Diurnal temperature range was positively correlated with sunshine hours, evaporation, relative humidity and average wind speed, showed negative correlation with average temperature and precipitation. Main influence factors of diurnal temperature range were different in each station.

Key words: diurnal temperature range, variation trend, meteorological factor, correlation

中图分类号:

P423

杨晓玲, 丁文魁, 殷玉春, 兰晓波. 1961-2010年武威市气温日较差变化趋势及影响因子分析[J]. 中国沙漠, 2014, 34(1): 225-232.

Yang Xiaoling, Ding Wenkui, Yin Yuchun, Lan Xiaobo. Change Trend and Influence Factors of Diurnal Temperature Range during 1961-2010 in Wuwei of Gansu, China[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2014, 34(1): 225-232.

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