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中国沙漠 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4): 99-109.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2021.00214

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浑善达克沙地景观结构变化对生态系统服务的影响

罗晶1(), 黄晓霞1(), 程宏2(), 蒋宁2, 莫旭昱3, 王琇瑜1   

  1. 1.云南大学 地球科学学院/云南省高校低纬高原大气环境与边界层过程重点实验室,云南 昆明 650091
    2.北京师范大学 地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室/地理科学学部,北京 100875
    3.云南省气象局 云南省大气探测技术保障中心,云南 昆明 650034
  • 收稿日期:2021-09-29 修回日期:2021-12-12 出版日期:2022-07-20 发布日期:2022-08-29
  • 通讯作者: 黄晓霞,程宏
  • 作者简介:程宏(E-mail: chengh@bnu.edu.cn
    黄晓霞(E-mail: huangxx@ynu.edu.cn
    罗晶(1998—),女,重庆人,硕士研究生,主要从事植被与土壤侵蚀研究。E-mail: 1625553233@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0500800-02);国家自然科学基金项目(42171003);生态环境部生物多样性调查与评估专项(2019HB2096001006)

Impacts of landscape structure changes on ecosystem services in the Hunshandake Sandy Land

Jing Luo1(), Xiaoxia Huang1(), Hong Cheng2(), Ning Jiang2, Xuyu Mo3, Xiuyu Wang1   

  1. 1.School of Earth Sciences / Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Processes in the Boundary Layer Over the Low-latitude Plateau Region,Yunnan University,Kunming 650091,China
    2.State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology / Faculty of Geographical Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China
    3.Yunnan Atmospheric Observation Technology Support Centre,Yunnan Meteorological Bureau,Kunming 650034,China
  • Received:2021-09-29 Revised:2021-12-12 Online:2022-07-20 Published:2022-08-29
  • Contact: Xiaoxia Huang,Hong Cheng

摘要:

京津风沙源治理是中国政府实施的具有重大战略意义的生态工程,实施近20年,区域生态环境状况发生了根本转变。为了定量评估京津风沙源治理工程实施以来景观结构变化及其对生态系统服务价值的影响,以浑善达克沙地为研究区域,以生态调节服务(风蚀防治、水蚀防治、碳固存)、生态供给服务(牲畜养殖、粮食生产)、生境支持服务(自然生境多样性、人口居住支持服务)等指标,利用生态系统服务复合指数(Multiple ecosystem services landscape index, MESLI)和景观格局指数,运用冗余分析(redundancy analysis,RDA)和变差分解(Variation Partitioning)方法,研究了生态系统服务及集成的时空格局,以及植被景观组成与景观配置对区域生态系统服务贡献的变化。结果表明:(1)2000—2015年,浑善达克沙地的林地、草地面积减少,沙地面积则增加了110%;林地的景观结构改善,而草地与沙地的景观破碎化明显,连通度降低。(2)研究区东部和南部的生态系统服务价值增加了19%—85%,主要与林地景观的空间配置结构改善有关;中部和西部生态系统服务总体降低了28%—43%,主要与草地面积缩减、沙地面积扩张、植被景观破碎化有关。(3)景观格局对区域生态系统服务供给的贡献从2000年的60.88% 增加到2015年的69.21%,且二者共同作用的比例明显增加,植被景观组成的贡献整体大于植被景观配置的贡献。植被景观配置对生态系统服务的相对贡献增加,表明植被恢复等治理工程的实施,在景观空间结构方面提升了防风固沙的效果,改善了区域生态系统服务功能。

关键词: 生态系统服务, 景观组成, 景观配置, 土地利用变化, 京津风沙源区

Abstract:

As one of the huge national ecological restoration projects aimed at social-ecological sustainability, the Beijing-Tianjin Sand Source Control Project (BTSSCP) has been launched for nearly 20 years, which significantly improved the environmental status in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. The spatial and temporal changes of ecosystem services (ESs) were assessed since the BTSSCP was carried out in the study area. There were eight indicators of ESs, i.e. wind erosion control, water erosion control, vegetation carbon sequestration, soil carbon storage, livestock production, food production, natural habitat diversity, and population residence supporting services, along with the multiple ecosystem services landscape index (MESLI), as well as four landscape structure indexes were used for the analysis. And redundancy analysis (RDA) and variation partitioning method were used to analyze the relationship between ESs and vegetation landscape patterns. The main results were as follows, (1) from 2000 to 2015, the area of woodland and grassland in Hunsandak Sandy Land decreased, while the sandy land area increased by 110%. However, the landscape structure of woodland was improved, while grassland and sandy land fragmentation increased with the connectivity index decreased. (2) The improvement of ESs was in the eastern and southern parts of the study area with MESLI increasing from 19% to 85%, which related to the improvement of the spatial configuration of woodland; the ESs provision was worse in the central and western parts with MESLI decreasing of 28% to 43%, owing to landscape fragmentation with grassland degradation and sandy land expansion. (3) It was explained by landscape pattern for the provision of regional ESs increased from 60.88% in 2000 to 69.21% in 2015, with an increase in co-explained variation of landscape composition and configuration, and the landscape composition component contributed more than that of configuration component. The relative contribution of vegetation landscape configuration to ecosystem services increased, indicating that the implementation of vegetation restoration projects, has enhanced the effectiveness of sand fixation in terms of landscape spatial structure and improved regional ESs. The above results can provide macro-level management and design references for desert management in the BTSSCP region.

Key words: ecosystem services, landscape composition, landscape configuration, land use change, sand source region to Beijing-Tianjin

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