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中国沙漠 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 288-300.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00257

• • 上一篇    

20002024年青海省沙区植被覆盖时空变化及其驱动机制

马圆圆1,2(), 马登科1,2, 岳奕帆3, 康文蓉1,2, 刘鹄1, 周国英4, 赵文智1()   

  1. 1.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,甘肃 兰州 730000
    2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
    3.宁夏大学林业与草业学院,宁夏 银川 750021
    4.中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,青海 西宁 810008
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-25 修回日期:2025-10-21 出版日期:2026-03-20 发布日期:2026-04-13
  • 通讯作者: 赵文智
  • 作者简介:马圆圆(1998—),女,山东济南人,博士研究生,主要从事生态水文研究。E-mail: mayuanyuan20@mails.ucas.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(42230720);2023年度青海省“昆仑英才·高端创新创业人才”计划项目

Spatiotemporal changes and driving mechanisms of vegetation in the sandy areas of Qinghai Province in 2000-2024

Yuanyuan Ma1,2(), Dengke Ma1,2, Yifan Yue3, Wenrong Kang1,2, Hu Liu1, Guoying Zhou4, Wenzhi Zhao1()   

  1. 1.Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
    3.College of Forestry and Prataculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China
    4.Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining 810008,China
  • Received:2025-08-25 Revised:2025-10-21 Online:2026-03-20 Published:2026-04-13
  • Contact: Wenzhi Zhao

摘要:

青海省沙区地处青藏高原北缘,是典型的干旱半干旱生态脆弱区,不仅承载着重要的生态屏障功能,也是防治荒漠化和维系生态平衡的关键区域,明确其植被动态变化及驱动机制,对提升生态安全和制定可持续治理策略至关重要。基于Theil-Sen+Mann-Kendall趋势检验法、Hurst指数和地理探测器方法,揭示了2000—2024年青海省沙区流动沙地、半流动沙地、半固定沙地、固定沙地、盐碱地和戈壁植被覆盖度的时空演变规律及驱动机制。结果表明:(1)2000—2024年植被覆盖度整体呈波动增加趋势,均值由0.10增至0.12,2008—2016年增长最显著(P<0.05),低覆盖区集中于盐碱地和戈壁,高覆盖区集中于西南和东南部的固定、半固定沙地。(2)约68%区域植被覆盖呈改善趋势,减少区主要位于西北部的流动沙地、盐碱地周边,三江源附近沙区植被覆盖改善最显著(P<0.05);气候(降水、气温和风速)和土壤(土壤有机碳、土壤水分和土壤质地)各因子的联合效应(qmean分别为0.34、0.19,P<0.001),均大于单一因子对植被覆盖的影响(qmean分别为0.20、0.10,P<0.001)。人类活动与环境因子交互作用显著(q=0.36,P<0.001)。(3)未来65.8%区域植被相对稳定,10.1%持续改善,6.9%持续减少,固定与半固定沙地植被改善潜力和减少风险均较大,流动沙地和盐碱地植被变化平稳。应强化青海省固定及半固定沙地生态修复,通过沙障建设和植被恢复工程提升土壤稳定性;在盐碱地和戈壁地区,种植适生植物并进行土壤改良,通过优化植被结构和强化风沙侵蚀控制措施,促进生态恢复。

关键词: 青海省, 沙区, 植被覆盖度, 植被恢复

Abstract:

Qinghai Province's desert regions, located on the northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, are typical arid and semi-arid ecologically fragile zones functioning as key ecological barriers. Understanding vegetation dynamics and drivers is essential for ecological security and sustainable management. Using the Theil-Sen+Mann-Kendall trend test, Hurst exponent, and geographical detector methods, this study reveals the spatiotemporal evolution patterns and driving mechanisms of vegetation cover in mobile sand, semi-mobile sand, semi-fixed sand, fixed sand, saline-alkali land, and gobi areas of the sandy areas in Qinghai Province from 2000 to 2024. The findings are as follows: (1) From 2000 to 2024, vegetation coverage showed an overall fluctuating increase, with the mean value rising from 0.10 to 0.12. The most significant increase occurred from 2008 to 2016 (P<0.05), with low-coverage areas concentrated in saline-alkali lands and gobi, and high-coverage areas primarily in the fixed and semi-fixed sand dunes in the southwest and southeast. (2) Over 68% of the region showed an improving vegetation trend, with reduced areas mainly in the northwest, around the moving sand dunes and saline-alkali lands. The most significant improvement in vegetation was observed near Sanjiangyuan (P<0.05). The combined effects of climate factors (precipitation, temperature, and wind speed) and soil factors (organic carbon, moisture, and texture) (qmean = 0.34, 0.19, P<0.001) were more significant than the individual effects of each factor on vegetation (qmean = 0.20, 0.10, P<0.001). The interaction between human activities and environmental factors was also significant (q = 0.36, P<0.001). (3) In the future, 65.8% of the region's vegetation will remain relatively stable, 10.1% will continue to improve, and 6.9% will continue to decrease. Fixed and semi-fixed sand dunes show significant potential for improvement, while vegetation changes in moving sand dunes and saline-alkali lands are more stable. Vegetation restoration strategies should prioritize ecological restoration in fixed and semi-fixed sandy areas, focusing on soil stabilization through sand barrier construction and vegetation restoration projects. In saline-alkali and gobi regions, appropriate plant species should be selected, and soil improvement measures should be implemented. Optimizing vegetation structure and strengthening wind and sand erosion control will promote ecological recovery.

Key words: Qinghai Province, sandy areas, vegetation cover, plant restoration

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