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中国沙漠 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 228-237.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2026.00072

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基于无人机倾斜摄影测量的大同土林地貌形态特征及发育模式研究

苏博宇1(), 张坪1, 李豪2,3, 梁晓磊2,3, 李继彦1,3()   

  1. 1.太原师范学院,地理科学学院,山西 晋中 030619
    2.太原师范学院,经济与管理学院,山西 晋中 030619
    3.太原师范学院,汾河流域地表过程与资源生态安全山西省重点实验室,山西 晋中 030619
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-13 修回日期:2026-05-07 出版日期:2026-07-20 发布日期:2026-08-27
  • 通讯作者: 李继彦
  • 作者简介:苏博宇(1999—),男,山西运城人,硕士研究生,研究方向为资源开发与评价。E-mail: supery9985@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    山西省基础研究计划项目(202103021224304);山西省基础研究计划项目(202303021212257)

Morphological characteristics and evolution pattern of the Datong earth forest based on UAV oblique photogrammetry

Boyu Su1(), Ping Zhang1, Hao Li2,3, Xiaolei Liang2,3, Jiyan Li1,3()   

  1. 1.School of Geographical Sciences /, Taiyuan Normal University,Jinzhong 030619,Shanxi,China
    2.School of Economics and Management /, Taiyuan Normal University,Jinzhong 030619,Shanxi,China
    3.Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Surface Processes and Resource Ecological Security in Fenhe River Basin, Taiyuan Normal University,Jinzhong 030619,Shanxi,China
  • Received:2026-01-13 Revised:2026-05-07 Online:2026-07-20 Published:2026-08-27
  • Contact: Jiyan Li

摘要:

土林是一种独特的流水侵蚀地貌,由于其分布区域有限,对其发育模式研究仍有待加强。本研究采用无人机倾斜摄影测量技术,对大同盆地土林地貌单体进行形态分类,并结合水文分析方法,探讨了沟谷形态参数随沟谷等级的变化规律,进而提出了土林地貌的发育模式。结果表明:(1)研究区土林单体形态可分为柱状、塔状、锥状、墙状、残柱、残丘等六类。(2)沟谷的长度、宽度与深度随等级升高显著增大,而纵比降则呈递减趋势。自沟头至沟口,沟谷横剖面呈现由浅“V”形向宽“U”形转变的趋势,而纵剖面则表现为加深和溯源伸长的趋势。(3)大同盆地土林地貌的发育模式划分为幼年期、青年期、壮年期与老年期4个阶段。目前,大同土林整体仍处于壮年期发育阶段,景观最为壮观。本研究通过对土林形态特征及发育过程的分析,建立了大同土林的发育模型,可为该地区土林地貌的保护与旅游资源开发提供理论依据及技术支撑。

关键词: 大同盆地, 土林, 形态特征, 发育模式, 流水侵蚀

Abstract:

The earth forest landform is a unique landscape formed through fluvial erosion of semi-consolidated or unconsolidated fluvial-lacustrine sediments, is primarily distributed in arid and semi-arid regions. The present study focuses on the formation mechanisms and evolutionary processes of the Datong earth forest, aiming to systematically elucidate the intrinsic relationships among its morphological characteristics, evolution stages, and variations in gully parameters. Based on high-resolution imagery data acquired by UAV-based oblique photogrammetry, combined with morphological classification and hydrological analysis, this research investigates the patterns of gully system parameters (length, width, depth, and longitudinal gradient) across different gully orders and their roles in shaping the earth forest landscape. The results indicate that: (1) The earth forest in the study area can be classified into six types, i.e. columnar, tower-like, conical, wall-like, residual pillars, and remnant mounds; (2) The length, width, and depth of gullies increase significantly with gully orders, while the longitudinal gradient shows a systematic decreasing trend. The characteristics of cross-sections and longitudinal profiles suggest a shift in dominant fluvial erosion processes from vertical incision and headward erosion to lateral erosion; (3) Accordingly, a four-stage evolutionary pattern is proposed for Datong earth forest, encompassing juvenile, youthful, mature, and old stages. Each stage is characterized by distinct dominant erosion processes, morphological features, and spatial structures. The Datong earth forest is currently still in its mature stage of evolution, presenting the most spectacular landscapes. Through the analysis of morphological characteristics and evolution processes of the earth forest, this study establishes an evolutionary model for the Datong earth forest, which can provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the conservation and sustainable tourism development of this landform in the region.

Key words: Datong Basin, earth forest, morphological characteristics, development model, fluvial erosion

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