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中国沙漠 ›› 2004, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (3): 343-348.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

干旱荒漠绿洲紫花苜蓿的节水灌溉及水效益分析——以民勤县为例

王祺1, 王继和1, 徐延双1, 崔宏明2   

  1. 1. 甘肃省治沙研究所, 甘肃 武威 733000;
    2. 武威铁路房建生活段, 甘肃 武威 733000
  • 收稿日期:2003-01-16 修回日期:2003-03-17 出版日期:2004-06-20 发布日期:2004-06-20
  • 作者简介:王祺(1970-),男(汉族),甘肃省会宁县人,助理研究员,主要从事牧草引进及栽培选育技术研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家"十五"科技攻关项目(2002BA517A0901)资助

Analysis on Water-saving Irrigation and Water Effectiveness of Medicago sativa in Arid Desert Oasis-An Example of Minqin County

WANG Qi1, WANG Ji-he1, XU Yan-shuang1, CUI Hong-ming2   

  1. 1. Gansu Desert Control Research Institute, Wuwei 733000, Gansu Province, China;
    2. Wuwei Railway Bareau, Wuwei 733000, Gansu Province, China
  • Received:2003-01-16 Revised:2003-03-17 Online:2004-06-20 Published:2004-06-20

摘要: 通过对民勤绿洲区8个紫花苜蓿品种的节水灌溉技术研究, 分析得出紫花苜蓿在刈割前10d灌溉的平均耗水系数比刈割后灌溉的平均耗水系数降低18.6%, 平均水效益提高23.3%; 采用沟畦小块(面积0.03hm2)刈割前10d灌溉的紫花苜蓿平均耗水系数为0.228kg·g-1, 平均水效益为4.39kg·m-3, 平均水经济效益为8.78元·m-3; 是沟畦小块(0.03hm2)灌溉小麦耗水系数的47.2%, 水生产效益的212%, 水经济效益的309%。不同紫花苜蓿品种间水效益的研究表明, 加拿大Ranger Lander、Kane和新疆大叶苜蓿的水效益明显高于对照品种的水效益。同时, 通过对干旱荒漠区水资源紧缺、水资源有效利用率低以及种植业结构不合理的现状分析, 提出了改革种植业内部粮经饲以往的面积比例65:32:3为可行比例1:1:1, 以大力发展优良品种紫花苜蓿草产业为突破口, 走紫花苜蓿产业化道路最终实现高效节水持续农业的对策。

关键词: 荒漠绿洲, 紫花苜蓿, 水效益, 持续农业

Abstract: Research on water-saving irrigation for 8 varieties ofMedicago sativhas been conducted in Minqin Oasis. The water consumption coefficient can be reduced by 18.6% whenMedicago sativa were irrigated on 10 days before cutting than after cutting, and the average water effectiveness can be increased by 23.3%; when irrigated on 10 days before cutting and with small strip(0.03 hm2) irrigating method the average water consumption coefficient of Medicago sativa was 0.228 kg·g-1, the average water effectiveness was 4.39 kg·m-3 and the average water economic benefit was 8.78 Yuan·m-3, which respectively was only 47.2% water consumption coefficient of wheat in same condition asMedicago sativa, but 212% water effectiveness and 309% water economic benefit of wheat. Irrigation research among differentMedicago sativa varieties shows that the species of Ranger Lander and Kane from Canada and broad-leaf one from Xinjiang of China remarkably had higher water effectiveness (P0.05) than the checking species. Suggested by situation analysis on water resources shortage, low water effectiveness and irrational cultivating structure, the area proportion of crop to cash crop and to fodder should be adjusted from 65:32:3 of the past to 1:1:1 in plan; for realizing high-effectively water-saving and sustainable agriculture a feasible strategy is to take prataculture of good specieMedicago sativa as the start and gradually go into its industrializing road.

Key words: desert oasis, Medicago sativa, water effectiveness, sustainable agriculture

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