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中国沙漠 ›› 2009, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (2): 206-211.

• 沙漠与沙漠化 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国北方草原沙漠化发展过程及其成因分析——以内蒙古苏尼特左旗为例

刘树林, 王 涛, 屈建军, 陈广庭

  

  1. 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 沙漠与沙漠化重点实验室, 甘肃 兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2007-10-09 修回日期:2007-12-17 出版日期:2009-03-20 发布日期:2009-03-20

Aeolian Desertification Development of Grassland in the Northern China and Its Causes: A Case Study of Sonid Zuoqi

LIU Shu-lin, WANG Tao, QU Jian-jun, CHEN Guang-ting   

  1. Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
  • Received:2007-10-09 Revised:2007-12-17 Online:2009-03-20 Published:2009-03-20

摘要:

利用遥感监测和实地调查研究相结合的办法,研究分析了中国北方草原沙漠化动态变化趋势和发展原因。结果表明:苏尼特左旗沙漠化形势非常严峻,包括北部广阔草原地区的沙漠化和南部沙丘活化两大类型。苏尼特左旗在过去30余年里,沙漠化土地总面积在增加,而沙漠化指数(ADI)在2000—2005年间略有减小,反映出2000—2005年间研究区沙漠化程度略有恢复。研究区两大类沙漠化土地发展变化趋势并不相同,草原沙漠化在过去30余年里一直在发展,由斑块状向片状发展;而沙丘活化则在1973—1987年间强烈发展,在1987年以后则呈现出恢复逆转的态势,沙丘活化对气候变化表现出较高的响应,揭示出苏尼特左旗南部沙漠化的发展受人类活动影响较小,主要与气候变化有关。北部大面积的草原沙漠化与气候变化趋势不完全一致,主要随着人类过渡放牧活动或者大规模保护恢复活动,而发生沙漠化严重程度的加剧或减缓。苏尼特左旗的沙漠化发展状况表明,中国北方草原沙漠化发展以人类活动占主导地位,且以斑块状向连片发展为主要形式,其中围绕居民点和水源的沙漠化发展最为突出。实践表明,科学管理人类活动完全可以减缓甚至恢复中国北方草原区的沙漠化土地。

关键词: 沙漠化指数, 沙丘流动性指数, 气候变化, 人类活动

Abstract:

Desertification is one of the most serious economic-social-environmental problems in the world. Desertification was defined as land degradation resulting from various factors including climate change and human activities in arid, semi-arid and sub-humid regions. Aeolian desertification is one of main types of desertification, and it seriously endangers the North of China, including vast grasslands, several sandy lands and many farmlands. Sonid Zuoqi is a typical county encountering aeolian desertification in the North of China, and there are wide grasslands and part of Hunshandake Sandy Land. According to remote sensing monitoring (1973—2005) and field investigation (2002—2007), as well as comprehensive analysis on proxy indices of climate change and human activities, some important results were revealed in this paper. Climate change was expressed by sand dune mobility (MI), while human activities was expressed by the number of livestock due to dominant grazing activities in the study area. Firstly, aeolian desertification in Sonid Zuoqi is very serious, and the area was increasing gradually during the last 30 years, but aeolian desertification index (ADI) indicated the severity degree enhanced from 1973 to 2000 and declined a little during 2000—2005. Secondly, aeolian desertification of grasslands in the north of Sonid Zuoqi continuously spread from spot-like, patch-like to sheet-like during 1973—2005, while reactivation of fixed or semi-fixed dunes in the south developed from 1973 to 1987 and recovered since 1987. Thirdly, aeolian desertification in the study area was the result of climate change and human activities acting on local fragile conditions together. Their functions varied in different monitoring periods, but human activities play increasing role in local aeolian desertification process. Reactivation of dunes highly responds to climate change in the study area due to little disturbance from human, while aeolian desertification development of vast grasslands used by human grazing activities especially residential-grazing obviously differ from climate change, more depending on human excessive grazing or large-scale protective activities. Fourthly, this study revealed that aeolian desertification of grasslands in the north of China is a kind of ugly process like skin diseases developing through patch-like to sheet-like, but also where around habitats and lakes or wells is the most prominent. Moreover, the fact have proved that aeolian desertified grassland in the northern China can be alleviated or even restored by scientifically managing human activities.

Key words: aeolian desertification index (ADI), sand dune mobility index (MI), climate change, human activities

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