干旱区土壤植被系统恢复的生态水文学研究进展

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 干旱区约占地球陆表面积的40%以上,所支撑的复杂多样的生态系统是全球陆地生态系统的重要组成,水是干旱区诸多生态系统过程的驱动力和关键的非生物限制因子。生态水文学作为新兴的交叉学科,为客观、全面地诠释干旱区植被与土壤系统相互作用与反馈机理提供了新的理念和途径,同时,也为干旱区以植被建设为主的生态恢复实践提供了理论基础。以沙坡头沙漠研究试验站在腾格里沙漠东南缘荒漠化草原和草原化荒漠过渡带的长期定位监测研究为例,分析、综述了我国在干旱区生态水文学研究领域所取得的主要成绩和相关进展,重点讨论了沙地植被从组成、结构和功能群演变等多层次上对土壤生态水文过程的响应,以及植被对土壤环境和水循环的长期反馈作用和调控机理;将生物土壤结皮首次作为影响植被-土壤系统水文过程的重要环节来考虑,对其发挥的生态水文功能的相关研究进行了总结;归纳了基于水量平衡的干旱区生态恢复理论模式及其在实践中的应用。

关键词: 土壤水分的植被调控, 生态水文过程, 生物土壤结皮, 生态修复

Abstract: Arid zones, which cover approximately 40 percent of the earths land surface, support complicated and widely varied ecological systems. As such, arid zones are an important composition of the global terrestrial ecosystem, and water is the key and abiotic limited factor in ecosystem-driven processes in these areas. Ecohydrology is a new cross discipline that provides, in an objective and comprehensive manner, novel ideas and approaches to the evaluation of the interaction and feedback mechanisms involved in the soil vegetation systems in arid zones. In addition, ecohydrology provides a theoretical basis of ecological restoration that is centered on vegetation construction. In this paper, long-term monitoring and local observations in the transitional belt between a desertified steppe and a steppified desert at the Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Tengger Desert, in northern China, were evaluated. The primary achievements and related research progress regarding ecohydrology in arid zones were analyzed and summarized, as a keystone, and the response of soil ecohydrological processes to the changes in the species composition, structure, and function of sandland vegetation was discussed. Meanwhile, the long-term ecological effects and mechanism of regulation of vegetation on soil habitat and on water-cycling were considered. As a vital participant in the ecohydrological processes of soil vegetation systems, the studies on biological soil crusts was also summarized, and related theoretical models of restoration based on the water balance was reviewed.

Key words: vegetation regulation by soil moisture, ecohydrology process, biological soil crust, ecological restoration of soil-vegetation systems

中图分类号:

Q948

李新荣;张志山;王新平;刘立超;黄磊. 干旱区土壤植被系统恢复的生态水文学研究进展[J]. 中国沙漠, 2009, 29(5): 845-852.

LI Xin-rong;ZHANG Zhi-shan;WANG Xin-ping;LIU Li-chao;HUANG Lei. The Ecohydrology of the Soil Vegetation System Restoration in Arid Zones: A Review[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2009, 29(5): 845-852.

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