近几年沙尘天气对中国北方环保重点城市可吸入颗粒物污染的影响

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用2000—2008年中国北方17个环保重点城市API指数资料和同期气象资料,评估沙尘天气对中国北方城市大气环境的整体影响,对比分析不同城市空气质量受春季沙尘影响的程度,并以一次强沙尘暴过程为例,探讨其影响中国北方城市空气质量的范围、程度和过程。结果表明,2000—2008年北方环保重点城市大气的首要污染物是可吸入颗粒物,污染状况严重。春季颗粒物高污染状况主要与沙尘天气有关。不同城市受沙尘影响的程度也不同,影响程度自西向东降低,其中对银川、兰州和西宁影响最大。沙尘天气容易造成严重颗粒物污染事件,颗粒物浓度变化可以清楚地反映沙尘的输送、移动及强度变化。即使在并未出现沙尘天气的地区,在上游沙尘输送作用下,颗粒物浓度也会受较大影响。

关键词: 沙尘天气, 可吸入颗粒物, 大气污染, 环保重点城市

Abstract: The influence of dust events on PM10 pollution in 17 key environmental protection cities of northern China has been studied by using the API data of these cities during 2000—2008 as well as the meteorological observation data. The aim of this study is to evaluate the whole influence of dust events on atmospheric environment in these cities and to analyze the influence degree of the springtime dust events in different cities. The main results are as follows. The primary air pollutant in all of these northern cities during 2000—2008 is PM10 and the PM10 pollution is heavy. In spring, the high PM10 concentrations in northern China are associated with the occurrence of dust events. The degree of the influence of dust events in different cities is different. The influence degree on the cities decreases from west to east according to the geographic position of these cities, and Yinchuan, Lanzhou and Xining are among the most affected of all the cities. Dust events can result in heavy PM10 pollution, and the variations of PM10 concentrations can clearly reflect the dust transportation and the variations of the intensity of dust events. Even in the non-dust regions, the PM10 concentration can be seriously affected by dust transported from upstream regions where dust events occurred.

Key words: dust events, PM10, air pollution, key environmental protection cities in northern China

中图分类号:

X513

冯鑫媛;王式功*;杨德保;尚可政. 近几年沙尘天气对中国北方环保重点城市可吸入颗粒物污染的影响[J]. 中国沙漠, 2011, 31(3): 735-740.

FENG Xin-yuan;WANG Shi-gong;YANG De-bao;SHANG Ke-zheng. Influence of Dust Events on PM10 Pollution in Key Environmental Protection Cities of Northern China during Recent Years[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2011, 31(3): 735-740.

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