荒漠草原植物群落光合速率对水氮添加的响应

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2019.00039

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 氮沉降和降水格局改变对草原生态系统的结构、功能及关键过程具有重要影响。依托内蒙古乌拉特荒漠草原研究站的全球变化实验平台，研究了氮添加和增减雨（+50%、-50%）及其交互作用对荒漠草原植物群落光合速率和植被特征的影响，分析了荒漠草原植物群落光合速率与植被特征的关系。结果表明：（1）短期氮添加对荒漠草原植物群落光合速率和植被特征没有显著影响（P > 0.05）；（2）降水格局改变显著影响荒漠植物群落光合速率（P < 0.05），减雨50%显著降低了荒漠草原植物群落光合速率和优势种植物高度（P < 0.05），而降水增加50%没有改变群落光合速率和植被特征，降水改变下的土壤水分能很好地解释群落光合速率；（3）氮添加和增加降水的交互效应显著提高了群落的光合速率和优势种植物高度（P < 0.05），而减少降水与氮添加没有显著影响；（4）荒漠草原植物群落盖度、优势种盖度、优势种平均高度与群落的光合速率呈现出指数增加关系，解释率为40%~58%。干旱极大地抑制荒漠草原植物群落光合速率，而氮沉降则依赖于降水增加来提高群落的光合速率，荒漠草原植物群落光合速率与水肥处理下的植物生长特征具有密切的关系。

关键词: 荒漠草原, 植物群落, 光合速率, 氮沉降, 降水格局改变

Abstract: Nitrogen deposition and changes in precipitation patterns are profoundly affecting the structure, function and key processes of grassland ecosystems. Based on the global change experimental platform of the Urat Desert-grassland Station, this paper studied the effects of nitrogen addition (N) and increasing or decreasing rain (+50%, -50%) and their interaction on photosynthetic rate and vegetation characteristics of desert steppe plant communities. The relationship between photosynthetic rate and vegetation characteristics of plant communities in desert grassland was analyzed. The results showed that:(1) Short term nitrogen addition had no significant effect on photosynthetic rate and vegetation characteristics of desert grassland plant communities (P > 0.05); (2) Precipitation pattern change significantly affected photosynthetic rate of desert plant community (P < 0.05), rain reduction 50% significantly reduced the photosynthetic rate and dominant plant height of desert steppe plant community (P < 0.05), while 50% precipitation increase did not change the photosynthetic rate and characteristics of the community, the photosynthetic rate of the community could be well explained by the soil water under the change of precipitation; (3) The interaction effect of nitrogen addition and precipitation increase was significantly improved. The photosynthetic rate of the community and the height of the dominant plant (P < 0.05), while reducing the precipitation and nitrogen addition had no significant effect; (4) The coverage of the plant community in the desert steppe, the coverage of the dominant species, and the average height of the dominant species showed an exponential increase relationship with the photosynthetic rate of the community, with an explanatory rate of 40%-58%. The occurrence of drought can greatly inhibit the photosynthetic rate of plant communities in desert steppe, while nitrogen deposition relies on the increase of precipitation to significantly increase the photosynthetic rate of the community. The photosynthetic rate of plant communities in desert steppe is closely related to the plant growth characteristics under water and fertilizer treatment.

Key words: desert grassland, plant community, community photosynthetic rate, nitrogen deposition, precipitation pattern change

中图分类号:

Q945.79

李香云, 岳平, 郭新新, 张蕊, 赵生龙, 张森溪, 王少昆, 左小安. 荒漠草原植物群落光合速率对水氮添加的响应[J]. 中国沙漠, 2020, 40(1): 116-124.

Li Xiangyun, Yue Ping, Guo Xinxin, Zhang Rui, Zhao Shenglong, Zhang Senxi, Wang Shaokun, Zuo Xiaoan. Response of photosynthetic rate of plant community to water and nitrogen addition in desert steppe of Inner Mongolia[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2020, 40(1): 116-124.

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