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中国沙漠 ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (6): 187-194.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2024.00112

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黑河流域中游北部荒漠区植物群落特征与稳定性

雷军1,2(), 程新平1,2, 薛春1, 刘红梅1, 赵玉红1,2, 肖明敏1   

  1. 1.甘肃省祁连山水源涵养林研究院,甘肃 张掖 734000
    2.甘肃张掖生态科学研究院,甘肃 张掖 734000
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-27 修回日期:2024-08-17 出版日期:2024-11-20 发布日期:2024-12-06
  • 作者简介:雷军(1976—),男,甘肃高台人,硕士,副研究员,主要从事荒漠生态监测与治理研究。E-mail: leijun0121@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省自然科学基金项目(22JR5RG1031)

The characteristics and stability of plant communities in the northern desert area of the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin

Jun Lei1,2(), Xinping Cheng1,2, Chun Xue1, Hongmei Liu1, Yuhong Zhao1,2, Mingmin Xiao1   

  1. 1.Academy of Water Resources Conservation Forest of Qilian Mountains of Gansu Province,Zhangye 734000,Gansu,China
    2.Academy of Ecology Science of Zhangye,Zhangye 734000,Gansu,China
  • Received:2024-05-27 Revised:2024-08-17 Online:2024-11-20 Published:2024-12-06

摘要:

黑河流域荒漠植物群落是阻挡风沙进入中国内陆的第一道绿色防线,是保护河西走廊乃至西北地区的天然屏障。为全面掌握黑河流域中游北部荒漠区植被类型、分布特征及稳定性,采用多年实地调查的方法,进行了研究,以期为黑河流域中游荒漠植被及其物种多样性保护利用提供依据。结果表明:(1)研究区植物群落结构相对简单,共有80种高等植物,归于23科61属,其中:被子植物占物种数的97.5%,蒺藜科、禾本科、藜科、豆科、菊科、蔷薇科6科占物种总数的75.0%;(2)植物群落层片结构简单,由灌木、半灌木、小灌木和草本植物组成,植被生活型组成以草本植物占绝对优势,占总物种数的67.5%,其中多年生草本占总物种数的47.5%,一年生草本和灌木分别占总物种数的20.0%和32.5%,多年生草本物种数优势明显,灌木为群落建群种,属于群落稳定层,一年生草本属于群落不稳定层;(3)研究区的稳定群落为唐古特白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)+珍珠猪毛菜(Caroxylon passerinum)群落。总之,黑河流域中游北部荒漠区植物种类贫乏,群落盖度较低,稳定性较弱,建议加强荒漠植被保护修复,特别是稳定群落的保护修复,以维持生态系统稳定性和持续性。

关键词: 植物群落, 稳定性, 北部荒漠区, 黑河流域中游

Abstract:

The desert vegetation community in the Heihe River Basin is the first green defense line to prevent wind and sand from entering the inland of China, and is a natural barrier to protect the Hexi Corridor and even the Northwest China. In order to comprehensively grasp the vegetation types, distribution characteristics, and stability in the northern desert area of the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin, this article takes the vegetation community in the northern desert area of the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin as the research object, and uses multi-year field investigation method to analyze the vegetation community characteristics and stability in the northern desert area of the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin. The results show that: (1) The vegetation community structure in the study area is relatively simple, with a total of 80 species of higher plants belonging to 23 families and 61 genera, of which angiosperms account for 97.5% of the total species. The six families of Tribulus, Poaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Leguminosae, Asteraceae, and Rosaceae account for 75.0% of the total species. (2) The layer structure of the vegetation community is simple, consisting of shrubs, semi shrubs, small shrubs, and herbaceous plants. The vegetation life form composition is dominated by herbaceous plants, accounting for 67.5% of the total species. Perennial herbs account for 47.5% of the total species, while annual herbs and shrubs account for 20.0% and 32.5% of the total species, respectively. The number of perennial herbaceous plant species has a clear advantage. Shrubs are community building species and belong to the stable layer of the community, while annual herbs belong to the unstable layer of the community. (3) The most stable community in the study area is the Nitraria tangutorum+Caroxylon passerinum community. In summary, the plant species in the northern desert area of the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin are poor, the community coverage is low, and the stability is weak. It is recommended to strengthen the protection and restoration of desert vegetation, especially the protection and restoration of stable communities, to maintain the stability and sustainability of the ecosystem.

Key words: plant community, stability, northern desert area, the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin

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