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中国沙漠 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (1): 112-120.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2024.00095

• • 上一篇    

5年降水限制后荒漠草原植物多样性和生产力恢复特征

郝芳唯1,2,3(), 宋兆斌1,3, 李香云1,3, 岳平1, 张晓雪1,3, 王怀海1,3, 赵杏花2, 左小安1()   

  1. 1.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 干旱区生态安全与可持续发展重点实验室/乌拉特荒漠草原研究站,甘肃 兰州 730000
    2.内蒙古农业大学 沙漠治理学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010018
    3.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-28 修回日期:2024-10-14 出版日期:2025-01-20 发布日期:2025-01-13
  • 通讯作者: 左小安
  • 作者简介:左小安(E-mail: zuoxa@lzb.ac.cn
    郝芳唯(2001—),女,内蒙古巴彦淖尔人,硕士研究生,主要从事全球变化生态学方面的研究。E-mail: 18704929766@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区科技重大专项课题(2024JBGS0011-02);国家自然科学基金项目(42071140);第二次青藏高原科学考察研究计划项目(2019QZKK0305);中国科学院大学生创新实践训练计划项目

Restoring characteristics of plant diversity and productivity in desert steppe after a 5-year precipitation reduction treatment

Fangwei Hao1,2,3(), Zhaobin Song1,3, Xiangyun Li1,3, Ping Yue1, Xiaoxue Zhang1,3, Huaihai Wang1,3, Xinghua Zhao2, Xiaoan Zuo1()   

  1. 1.Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands / Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    2.College of Desert Control Science and Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China
    3.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
  • Received:2024-05-28 Revised:2024-10-14 Online:2025-01-20 Published:2025-01-13
  • Contact: Xiaoan Zuo

摘要:

降水是干旱荒漠草原退化植被恢复和功能维持的重要调控因素。研究荒漠草原退化植被恢复过程中植物多样性和地上净初级生产力(ANPP)对降水变化的响应,对荒漠草原退化生态系统的恢复和管理具有重要意义。以内蒙古乌拉特荒漠草原草本群落为研究对象,在5年(2017—2021年)干旱处理(对照,减雨20%、40%和60%)后进行2年(2022、2023年)恢复,测定了恢复过程中的物种多样性、植物功能性状和ANPP,研究了干旱的遗留效应及生长季降水变化对荒漠草原植物群落恢复力的影响。结果表明:(1)干旱解除2年后,除减雨40%处理的物种丰富度显著低于对照外,其他处理的物种丰富度以及所有处理下的密度、植物功能性状、ANPP均与对照无显著差异,表明荒漠草原具有较强的恢复能力。(2)在恢复期间,生长季降水对植被恢复影响显著:恢复第1年(2022年)生长季降水量较高,减雨40%处理的叶片氮含量显著高于对照,而所有处理的物种丰富度、密度、株高、比叶面积(SLA)、叶干物质含量、叶片厚度(LT)和ANPP均与对照无显著差异。恢复第2年(2023年)的生长季干旱使物种丰富度、密度、SLA、LT和ANPP显著低于第1年,叶片碳氮含量则相反。(3)结构方程模型表明,在恢复过程中,生长季降水变化通过影响LT来间接影响物种丰富度和ANPP,LT是影响恢复过程中物种丰富度和生产力的重要因素。干旱荒漠草原在干旱解除后具有一定的恢复能力,生长季降水变化决定着干旱荒漠草原植物多样性和生产力的恢复,而叶片较厚的植物增加能促进荒漠草原干旱后的植物群落的恢复进程。

关键词: 生长季降水量, 植被恢复, 物种多样性, 地上净初级生产力, 功能性状

Abstract:

Precipitation change is an important regulatory factor for the restoration and functional maintenance of degraded vegetation in arid desert steppe. It is of great significance to study the responses of plant diversity and above-ground net primary productivity (ANPP) to precipitation changes during the restoration of degraded desert steppe ecosystems. Therefore, the research object was the herbage community in the Urat desert steppe in Inner Mongolia, which was drought-treated for 5 years (2017-2021) (control, rain reduction of 20%, 40% and 60%) and then restored for 2 years (2022 and 2023). We measured species diversity, plant functional traits and ANPP during the restoration process, and studied the legacy effects of different drought intensities and the effects of growing season precipitation changes on the resilience of desert steppe plant communities, providing theoretical basis for ecological restoration of degraded desert steppe. The results showed that: (1) Two years after the drought ended, there was no significant difference in species richness for other treatments and density, plant functional traits and ANPP for all treatments, except that the species richness of 40% treatment was significantly lower than that of the control, indicating that the desert steppe had strong resilience. (2) During recovery, growing season precipitation has significant effects on vegetation restoration: restore 1 year (2022), the growing season has relatively high, the leaf nitrogen content of 40% treatment was significantly greater than the control, meanwhile, the species richness, density, plant height, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf thickness and ANPP for all treatments were not significantly different from the control. However, in the second year of restoration (2023), the growing season drought significantly reduced the species richness, density, ANPP, SLA and LT, while the leaf carbon and nitrogen content was the opposite. (3) The structural equation model showed that during the restoration process, the change of growing season precipitation indirectly affected species richness and ANPP by influencing LT, and LT was an important factor affecting species richness and productivity during the restoration process. Arid desert steppe has a certain recovery ability after drought relief. The change of growing season precipitation determines the recovery of plant community diversity and productivity in arid desert steppe, and the increase of plants with thicker leaves can promote the recovery process of plant community after drought in arid desert steppe.

Key words: growing season precipitation, vegetation restoration, species diversity, aboveground net primary productivity, functional traits

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