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中国沙漠 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (2): 194-206.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2021.00103

• • 上一篇    

科尔沁沙地植被恢复过程中群落组成及多样性演变特征

詹瑾1,2(), 韩丹1,2, 杨红玲1,2, 李玉霖1()   

  1. 1.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 奈曼沙漠化研究站,甘肃 兰州 730000
    2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2021-05-25 修回日期:2021-08-18 出版日期:2022-03-20 发布日期:2022-03-30
  • 通讯作者: 李玉霖
  • 作者简介:李玉霖(E-mail: liyl@lzb.ac.cn
    詹瑾(1993—),女,甘肃民勤人,博士研究生,主要从事干旱半干旱区生态学相关研究。E-mail: zhanjin20@mails.ucas.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古科技重大专项(2019ZD00704)

Evolution characteristics of vegetation community composition and diversity during the restoration of Horqin Sandy Land in 2005-2019

Jin Zhan1,2(), Dan Han1,2, Hongling Yang1,2, Yulin Li1()   

  1. 1.Naiman Desertification Research Station,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
  • Received:2021-05-25 Revised:2021-08-18 Online:2022-03-20 Published:2022-03-30
  • Contact: Yulin Li

摘要:

流动沙丘、固定沙丘和沙质草地均是科尔沁沙地土地沙化的产物,植被恢复重建则是该区域流沙治理的主要措施,理解植被恢复过程中群落组成及植物多样性演变特征有利于沙地植被恢复和生态重建。本研究基于连续15年对科尔沁沙地流动沙丘、固定沙丘和沙质草地长期植物群落结构调查数据,分析了3种沙地类型植物群落年际变化特征及不同生活型植物年际变化特征,对2005—2019年植物物种重要值进行统计,并对植物群落稳定性进行计算。结果表明:(1)流动沙丘植物物种丰富度和地上生物量均低于固定沙丘和沙质草地,地上生物量年际波动较小;群落盖度呈显著增加趋势(P<0.05),灌木植物的相对盖度、相对生物量和重要值呈显著降低趋势(P<0.05);一年生草本植物相对盖度、相对生物量和重要值显著高于多年生草本和灌木植物,一年生草本植物均与多年生草本和灌木植物呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),相关系数分别为-0.711和-0.8302;经过15年群落演替,一年生草本植物(欧亚旋覆花(Inula britanica)、沙米(Agriophyllum squarrosum)、蓼子朴(Inula salsoloides)和虫实(Corispermum hyssopifolium))依旧为优势种,而一年生草本植物(马唐(Digitaria sanguinalis))和灌木(差巴嘎蒿(Artemisia halodendron))则演替退化;植物群落稳定度为1.11—2.68,呈现出递增的变化趋势。(2)固定沙丘一年生草本植物的相对盖度、相对生物量和重要值呈显著增加趋势(P<0.05),且其相对多度和重要值显著高于多年生草本植物和灌木,灌木植物的相对盖度、相对多度、相对生物量和重要值则均呈显著降低趋势(P<0.05);一年生草本均与多年生草本和灌木植物呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),相关系数分别为-0.569和-0.892;物种数比流动沙丘样地增加了200%,经过15年群落演替,差巴嘎蒿、地锦(Euphorbia humifusa)和马唐演替退化,三芒草(Aristida adscensionis)和砂蓝刺头(Echinops gmelini)则演替更新,成为新的优势建群种;植物群落稳定性年际间相对波动较小,群落较为稳定。(3)沙质草地一年生草本植物的相对盖度、相对多度和重要值呈显著增加趋势(P<0.05),且与多年生草本植物呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),相关系数为-0.967;经过15年群落演替,一年生草本植物(尖头叶藜(Chenopodium acuminatum)和狗尾草(Setaria viridis))和多年生草本植物(黄蒿(Artemisia scoparia)和芦苇(Phragmites australis))为优势种,芦草(Agropyron mongolicum)发生退化;沙质草地出现了退化现象;植物群落稳定性年际间波动较大,群落结构未趋于稳定。近15年来科尔沁沙地植被恢复过程中流动沙丘植被恢复效果显著,固定沙丘群落稳定性较高,沙质草地群落结构未趋于稳定,一年生草本植物在植被恢复中占据主要优势。

关键词: 科尔沁沙地, 植被恢复, 群落组成, 植物多样性

Abstract:

Mobile dune, fixed dune and sandy grassland are the products of desertification in Horqin Sandy Land. Vegetation restoration and reconstruction are the main measures for controlling the sand in this area. Understanding the community composition and plant diversity evolution characteristics in the process of vegetation restoration is beneficial for the restoration of sandy vegetation and ecological reconstruction. Based on the long-term survey results of plant communities in the process of vegetation restoration on mobile dune, fixed dune and sandy grassland in Horqin Sandy Land for the past 15 consecutive years, this study analyzed the characteristics of species composition and plant diversity in the process of vegetation restoration of three different types of sandy land, and compared the important values of plant species in 2005 and 2019. The results showed that: (1) In the past 15 years, the plant species richness and aboveground biomass of mobile dune were lower than fixed dune and sandy grassland, and the interannual fluctuations of aboveground biomass were small;Linear regression found that the community coverage showed a significant increasing trend (P<0.05), and the relative coverage, relative biomass and important value of shrubs showed a significant decreasing trend (P<0.05);The relative coverage, relative biomass and importance value of annual herbs were significantly higher than perennial herbs and shrubs;Annual herbs were significantly negatively correlated with perennial herbs and shrubs (P<0.01), and the correlation coefficients respectively were -0.711 and -0.8302.After 15 years of community succession, annual herbs (Inula britanica,Agriophyllum squarrosumInula salsoloides and Corispermum hyssopifolium)still were the dominant species;annual herbs (Digitaria sanguinalis) and shrubs (Artemisia halodendron) were successively degraded. (2) Through linear regression, it was found that the relative coverage, relative biomass, and importance values of annual herbs in fixed dunes showed a significant increase (P<0.05), and relative abundance and importance values were significantly higher than perennial herbs and shrubs; The relative coverage, relative abundance, relative biomass and important value of shrubs all showed a significant decreasing trend (P<0.05); Annual herbs were significantly negatively correlated with perennial herbs and shrub (P<0.01), and the correlation coefficients respectively are -0.569 and -0.892;The number of species had increased by 200% compared to the mobile dune.After 15 years of community succession, the succession of Artemisia halodendronEuphorbia humifusa and Digitaria sanguinalis had degraded, while Aristida adscensionis and Echinops gmelini had been new dominant species. The stability of the plant community had relatively small inter-annual fluctuations, and the community stability was relatively stable. (3) Through linear regression analysis, it was found that the relative coverage, relative abundance and importance of annual herbs in sandy grassland showed a significant increasing trend (P<0.05), and there was a significant negative correlation with perennial herbs (P<0.01). The coefficient was -0.967; After 15 years of community succession, annual herbs (Chenopodium acuminatum and Setaria viridis) and perennial herbs (Artemisia scoparia and Phragmites australis) were the dominant species. Agropyron mongolicum was degraded, the sandy grassland had been degraded. The inter-annual variation of plant community stability was relatively large, and the community structure had not stabilized. In summary, in the past 15 years, the vegetation restoration of mobile dunes in the Horqin Sandy Land was very effective. The stability of the fixed dune community was relatively stable, and the community structure of the sandy grassland was not stabilized; annual herbaceous plants had the main advantage in vegetation restoration.

Key words: Horqin Sandy Land, vegetation recovery, species composition, plant diversity

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