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中国沙漠 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 72-79.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00060

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荒漠植物逆境生理生态学研究进展

张红霞1,2(), 贾荣亮1, 赵鹏善1, 赵昕1, 崔晓云1   

  1. 1.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 干旱区生态安全与可持续发展全国重点实验室/沙坡头沙漠研究试验站,甘肃 兰州 730000
    2.祁连山中部亚高山生态系统野外科学观测研究站,青海 西宁 810000
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-31 修回日期:2025-05-05 出版日期:2025-05-20 发布日期:2025-06-30
  • 作者简介:张红霞(1991—),女,内蒙古鄂尔多斯人,博士,主要从事植物生理生态学研究。E-mail: zhanghonxia@nieer.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(32201289);中国科学院率先行动引才计划项目B类(E4290501);甘肃省省级人才青年个人项目(2024QNGR03);祁连山中部亚高山生态系统野外科学观测研究站开放基金项目(QLSKFJJ〔2024〕D0003)

A review of the stress physiology and ecology of desert plants

Hongxia Zhang1,2(), Rongliang Jia1, Pengshan Zhao1, Xin Zhao1, Xiaoyun Cui1   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands / Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    2.Observation Station of Subalpine Ecology Systems in the Middle Qilian Mountains,Xining 810000,China
  • Received:2025-03-31 Revised:2025-05-05 Online:2025-05-20 Published:2025-06-30

摘要:

荒漠生态系统脆弱且独特,荒漠植物凭借独特且复杂的生理生态适应机制,在极端干旱、高温及盐碱等逆境条件下生存。近年来,针对荒漠植物逆境生理生态的研究取得了重要进展。本文系统综述了荒漠植物在形态适应、水分调控、渗透调节、光合生理及分子机制等方面的适应策略,阐述了荒漠植物通过多层次的形态结构优化、生理代谢调控及基因表达调节,在逆境环境中维持生长和生存。本文从这几方面总结了当前荒漠植物逆境生理生态学研究现状,并展望了未来研究方向,以期深化对荒漠植物适应机制的理解,旨在为荒漠植物的生态适应性研究和生态恢复提供理论基础和科学指导。

关键词: 荒漠植物, 逆境生理, 生态适应, 植物水分关系, 水力特征

Abstract:

The desert ecosystem is one of the most fragile and unique ecosystems in the world. Desert plants, through their distinctive and complex physiological and ecological adaptation mechanisms, are able to survive under extreme conditions such as severe drought, high temperatures, and salinity-alkalinity stress. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the study of stress physiology and ecology of desert plants. This paper provides a systematic review of the adaptive strategies of desert plants in terms of morphological adaptation, water regulation, osmotic adjustment, photosynthetic physiology, and molecular mechanisms. It elucidates how desert plants sustain growth and survival under stressful environments through multi-level optimization of structural morphology, regulation of physiological metabolism, and modulation of gene expression. By summarizing the current research status in these aspects, this review also outlines future research directions, aiming to deepen the understanding of the adaptive mechanisms of desert plants and to provide a theoretical foundation and scientific guidance for ecological adaptation studies and the restoration of desert ecosystems.

Key words: desert plants, stress physiology, ecological adaptation, plant water relations, hydraulic traits

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