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中国沙漠 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 314-323.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00067

• • 上一篇    

半干旱沙质草地植物群落构建对降水的响应

景家琪1,2,4(), 刘新平1,2,4(), 何玉惠3, 丰洁5, 胡鸿姣1,2,4, 徐远志1,2,4   

  1. 1.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,干旱区生态安全与可持续发展全国重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730000
    2.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,奈曼沙漠化研究站,甘肃 兰州 730000
    3.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,兰州生态农业试验研究站,甘肃 兰州 730000
    4.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
    5.通辽市林业和草原科学研究所,内蒙古 通辽 028000
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-19 修回日期:2025-03-27 出版日期:2025-07-20 发布日期:2025-08-18
  • 通讯作者: 刘新平
  • 作者简介:景家琪(2000—),女,山西太原人,硕士研究生,研究方向为生态水文学。E-mail: jingjiaqi@nieer.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区防沙治沙科技创新重大示范工程“揭榜挂帅”项目(2024JBGS0005-1);中国科学院区域发展青年学者项目;干旱区生态安全与可持续发展全国重点实验室交叉创新团队项目(E451890201);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2022YFHH0063)

Responces of plant community construction in semi-arid sandy grassland to precipitation changes

Jiaqi Jing1,2,4(), Xinping Liu1,2,4(), Yuhui He3, Jie Feng5, Hongjiao Hu1,2,4, Yuanzhi Xu1,2,4   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands /, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    2.Naiman Desertification Research Station /, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    3.Lanzhou Ecological Agriculture Experimental Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    4.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
    5.Tongliao Forestry and Grassland Science Research Institute,Tongliao 028000,Inner Mongolia,China
  • Received:2024-12-19 Revised:2025-03-27 Online:2025-07-20 Published:2025-08-18
  • Contact: Xinping Liu

摘要:

降水是影响半干旱沙质草地植被生长发育和系统稳定维持的关键因子。为探明降水变化如何影响固沙植物群落构建及其生产力,本文整合分析了2014—2023年的降水和半干旱沙质草地植被长期定位监测数据,研究了降水变化对植物群落结构组成、物种多样性和生产力的影响。结果表明:(1)在40%的年降水变异内,多年生草本植物糙隐子草(Cleistogenes squarrosa)和二裂委陵菜(Potentilla bifurca)、一年生草本植物狗尾草(Setaria viridis)和尖头叶藜(Chenopodium acuminatum)及半灌木兴安胡枝子(Lespedeza bicolor)在10年间均为建群种,不受降水变化的影响,而在50%的年降水变异内,草本植物白草(Pennisetum centrasiaticum)和猪毛蒿(Artemisia scoparia)连续5年成为群落优势种,其余物种则随着降水变化呈现年际波动;(2)沙质草地植物群落多样性指数随降水增加而降低,群落丰富度、优势度和均匀度相对稳定,而功能群均匀度离散程度较高且总体上升;(3)沙质草地一年生草本植物和多年生草本植物的生物量与当年7月及生长季降水显著正相关,且二者地上生物量呈现增减互补的变化趋势,这一特征是维持系统生产力稳定的权衡对策,尤其在2018年和2022年表现尤为明显。降水直接决定半干旱沙质草地植物群落构建及其功能群多样性,可为预测半干旱沙质草地未来降水变化情景下的固沙植被群落演替,以及沙地生态系统植被稳定性维持和植被资源化利用提供理论支持。

关键词: 降水变化, 群落构建, 生物多样性, 地上生物量

Abstract:

Precipitation directly affects the growth and development of vegetation, as well as the maintenance of system stability, in semi-arid sandy grasslands. To undersdand how changes in precipitation iinfluence the construction and productivity of sand-fixing plant communities, this study analyzes long-term monitoring data of precipitation and vegetation in semi-arid sandy grasslands from 2014 to 2023. It explores the impacts of precipitation changes on plant community structure, species diversity, and productivity. The results show that: (1) Within a 40% variation in annual precipitation, the perennial herbs Cleistogenes squarrosa and Potentilla bifurca, the panicum miliaceum Setaria viridis and Chenopodium acuminatum, as well as the subshrub Lespedeza bicolor were all constructive species over the 10-years. Within a 50% variation in annual precipitation, herbs Pennisetum centrasiaticum and Artemisia scoparia became the dominant species in the community for five consecutive years, while the remaining species fluctuated with the precipitation variation. (2) The diversity index of plant communities in sandy grasslands decreased with increasing precipitation. In contrast, community richness, dominance, and evenness were relatively stable. However, functional group evenness was highly dispersed and generally increased. (3) The biomass of Panicum miliaceum and perennial herbs in sandy grasslands was significantly positively correlated with the precipitation in July of that year and the growing season. Their aboveground biomass exhibited a complementary trend of increase and decrease, which seves as a trade-off mechanism to maintain the stability of system productivity, especially in 2018 and 2022. This study demonstrates that changes in precipitation directly determine the plant community construction and functional group diversity in semi-arid sandy grasslands. It provides theoretical support for predicting the succession of sand-fixing vegetation communities under future precipitation change scenarios, as well as for maintaining vegetation stability and utilizing vegetation resources in sandy ecosystems.

Key words: precipitation changes, community construction, biodiversity, above-ground biomass

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