硅肥缓解兰州百合（ Lilium davidii var. unicolor ）连作障碍的土壤生物学机理

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2026.00001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

兰州百合（Lilium davidii var. unicolor）是中国唯一的甜百合，可做蔬菜食用。该作物连作现象普遍，连作障碍严重。为缓解其连作障碍，本研究选择了连续种植兰州百合9年的连作地块，设计了施硅肥（SF）与不施硅肥（CK）两个处理，开展了连续3年的硅肥处理后，收集了4类土壤样品NSB（CK处理的根区土壤）、SB（SF处理的根区土壤）、NSR（CK处理的根际土壤）和SR（SF处理的根际土壤），测定了土壤理化性状，并利用二代测序技术测定了其细菌群落结构。结果表明：（1）硅肥处理显著改变了土壤的理化性状，根际土壤土壤电导率值增加幅度显著大于根区（增加值分别为11.09%、2.85%），促进了植株生长；（2）硅肥处理显著改变了土壤细菌群落结构，SB和NSB土样中的细菌群落具有相似性，而SR和NSR之间具有相似性。硅肥处理显著提高了根际土壤中益生细菌Sphingomonas sp.的相对丰度。综上分析，施用硅肥能显著提高土壤矿质营养水平，促进百合植株的生长，缓解连作障碍；硅肥显著改变土壤细菌群落结构，根际土壤中施用硅肥后特定有益生细菌的积累是其提高土壤健康性，缓解连作障碍的重要生物学机制。

关键词: 食用百合, 连作障碍, 硅肥, 细菌群落

Abstract:

Lanzhou Lily （Lilium davidii var. unicolor） is the only sweet lily in China that can be consumed as a vegetable. The phenomenon of consecutive cropping is common in this crop， and there are serious problems to consecutive cropping. To alleviate its crops consecutive problems， this study selected a continuous cropping plot of Lanzhou lilies for 9 years and designed two treatments： silicon fertilizer （SF） and no silicon fertilizer （CK）. After 3 consecutive years of silicon fertilizer treatment， four soil samples NSB （CK treated root zone soil）， SB （SF treated root zone soil）， NSR （CK treated rhizosphere soil）， and SR （SF treated rhizosphere soil） were collected. The soil physical and chemical properties were determined， and the bacterial community structure was determined using second-generation sequencing technology. The results are as follows：（1） Silicon fertilizer treatment significantly changed the physical and chemical properties of the soil， and the increase in EC value in rhizosphere soil was significantly greater than that in root-zone soil （the increase values were 11.09% and 2.85%， respectively）， promoting plant growth；（2） Silicon fertilizer treatment significantly changed the structure of soil bacterial communities， with similarities in bacterial communities between SB and NSB soil samples， and similarities between SR and NSR. Silicon fertilizer treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria Sphingomonas sp. in rhizosphere soil. Based on the above analysis， the application of silicon fertilizer can significantly improve the mineral nutrient level of soil， promote the growth of lily plants， and alleviate crops consecutive problems； Silicon fertilizer significantly changes the structure of soil bacterial communities， and the accumulation of specific probiotic bacteria in rhizosphere soil after the application of silicon fertilizer is an important biological mechanism for improving soil health and alleviating crops consecutive problems.

Key words: Edible lily, crops consecutive problems, silicon fertilizer, bacterial community

中图分类号:

杜文科, 侯磊, 李慧, 韩佳, 管凤凤, 杨博, 杨宏羽, 师桂英. 硅肥缓解兰州百合（ Lilium davidii var. unicolor ）连作障碍的土壤生物学机理[J]. 中国沙漠, 2026, 46(5): 274-284.

Wenke Du, Lei Hou, Hui Li, Jia Han, Fengfeng Guan, Bo Yang, Hongyu Yang, Guiying Shi. Research on the Soil Biological Mechanism of Silicon Fertilizer Treatment in Alleviating Crops Consecutive Problems in Lanzhou Lily[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2026, 46(5): 274-284.

图/表 6

表1 硅肥处理对兰州百合植株生长指标的影响

Table 1 Effects of silicon fertilizer treatments on the plant indicators of Lanzhou Lily

采样时间	处理	茎粗/株高	根冠比（鲜重）	根冠比（干重）
2019	CK	0.23±0.01^b	1.40±0.02^a	1.14±0.01^b
2019	SF	0.27±0.01^a	1.42±0.02^a	1.21±0.00^a
2020	CK	0.33±0.00^b	2.25±0.01^b	3.50±0.05^a
2020	SF	0.34±0.00^a	2.35±0.01^a	3.51±0.06^a
2021	CK	0.34±0.01^b	1.24±0.05^b	1.34±0.10^a
2021	SF	0.37±0.01^a	1.48±0.15^a	1.39±0.07^a

表2 硅肥处理对兰州百合土壤理化性质的影响

Table 2 Effect of silicon fertilizer treatments on soil physical and chemical properties of continuous cropping Lanzhou Lily

土样	NSB	SB	NSR	SR
有效硅/(mg∙kg^-1)	154.02±2.71^c	158.69±0.43^ab	157.69±0.56^bc	162.31±0.51^a
有效磷/(mg∙kg^-1)	55.20±3.31^a	54.32±2.44^a	53.49±2.58^a	52.40±2.52^a
电导率/(mS∙cm^-1)	1.86±13.77^c	1.92±35.99^b	2.16±36.74^bc	2.44±32.76^a
碱解氮/(mg∙kg^-1)	33.60±1.48^b	32.84±1.04^b	38.70±1.25^a	39.93±0.99^a
有效钾/(mg∙kg^-1)	186.19±9.74^c	217.50±15.84^bc	232.67±10.20^ab	257.11±6.00^a
有机质/(g∙kg^-1)	48.19±0.66^ab	46.47±1.07^b	50.46±0.26^ab	46.64±1.30^b
pH	8.64±0.02^a	8.61±0.02^a	8.38±0.03^b	8.17±0.04^c

图1 不同土样土壤细菌α多样性和β多样性分析注：NSB、SB、NSR和SR土样的Chao1指数分别为4 477.48、3 732.77、3 114.50和3 612.27；NSB、SB、NSR和SR土样的Shannon指数分别为11.85、10.86、10.59和10.80；NSB为根区对照土壤，SB为施硅肥的根区土壤，NSR为根际对照土壤，SR为施硅肥的根际土壤

Fig.1 The bacterial diversity analysis of α and β in different soil samples

图2 硅肥处理下百合土壤细菌结构全分析注：冗余分析中蓝色表示微生物指标，包括丰度较高的前15个细菌属（P<0.05）；红色表示土壤理化性状指标。OTU为操作分类单元；AN：碱解氮；AP：有效磷；AK：速效钾；ES：有效硅；OM：有机质；EC：电导率和pH. NSB为根区对照土壤，SB为施硅肥的根区土壤，NSR为根际对照土壤，SR为施硅肥的根际土壤

Fig.2 Overall bacterial community structures after silicon fertilizer treatments of Lanzhou Lily

图3 土壤优势细菌的 LEfSe 分析注：NSB为根区对照土壤，SB为施硅肥的根区土壤，NSR为根际对照土壤，SR为施硅肥的根际土壤；LDA为线性判别分析得分（LDA>3）。

Fig.3 The LDA obtained from the LEfSe analysis shows the relative abundance of dominant bacterial communities in the soil of silicon fertilizer treatments in Illumina Miseq Lanzhou lily

图4 不同处理土壤细菌功能预测注：NSB为根区对照土壤，SB为施硅肥的根区土壤，NSR为根际对照土壤，SR为施硅肥的根际土壤；PTS为磷酸转移酶系统。

Fig.4 Bacterial functions prediction under different treatments

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