5 000 a来柴达木盆地东南缘风成沉积记录的冬季风演化

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过柴达木盆地东南缘下西台剖面风成沉积粒度组成、元素含量等指标的分析，重建了该区5 000 a来冬季风的演化历史。其可划分为4个阶段：5 300~4 300 a BP和2 900~930 a BP时期冬季风较弱；4 300~2 900 a BP和930 a BP以来冬季风较强。同时，该记录揭示了两次气候突变事件： 3 960~3 720 a BP，冬季风急剧减弱；而1 700~1 400 a BP冬季风增强。重建结果与其他记录具有很好的可比性。在千年尺度上，下西台剖面所记录的冬季风演化与格陵兰冰芯的粉尘记录存在一定的联系，意味着源区近地面风场的变化在全球粉尘循环过程中起着重要的作用。柴达木盆地可能为东亚粉尘远程输送的主要源区之一。

关键词: 粒度组成, 元素含量, 冬季风, 柴达木盆地

Abstract: Atmospheric dust plays an important role in the global climate change. The Qaidam Basin, as one of the Asian dust source areas, can provide a great deal of mineral dust for deflation. Wind strength in the source areas is crucial for dust particle uptake. Grain size and elemental composition of the aeolian deposits at the southeastern margin of the Qaidam Basin were investigated to reconstruct the change of winter monsoon over the last 5 000 years. The fractions of >40 μm and 140~250 μm and the ratio of SiO2 to TiO2 were used as indicators of winter monsoon. In light of five controlling ages, the change of winter monsoon can be divided into four stages. Winter monsoon was very weak in 5 300~4 300 a BP and 2 900~930 a BP; whereas in 4 300~2 900 a BP and 934 a BP it was rather stronger. Two abrupt winter monsoon changes were observed at 3 960~3 720 a BP and 1 700~1 400 a BP. The former event is characterized by sharp weakening and the latter became intensive. The reconstructed results are broadly in agreement with other records from the adjacent regions. However, the decreasing trend of winter monsoon during 2 900~930 a BP is most likely related to high temperature in East China at that time, which was inferred from historical documents. Theres a close relation between the winter monsoon evolution records from the Xiaxitai sections and dust record of the Greenland ice core. Near-surface wind regime in dust source areas may play an important role in global atmospheric dust circulation. In addition, Qaidam Basin may be one of the important dust source regions in eastern Asian dust long-range transportation.

Key words: grain size, elemental composition, winter monsoon, Qaidam Basin

中图分类号:

P532

牛光明;强明瑞;宋磊;郎丽丽;王立强. 5 000 a来柴达木盆地东南缘风成沉积记录的冬季风演化[J]. 中国沙漠, 2010, 30(5): 1031-1039.

NIU Guang-ming;QIANG Ming-rui;SONG Lei;LANG Li-li;WANG Li-qiang. Change of Eastern Asian Winter Monsoon Recorded by Aeolian Deposits over the Past 5 000 Years at the Southeastern Margin of Qaidam Basin[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2010, 30(5): 1031-1039.

参考文献

[1]Watson A J,Lefevre N.The sensitivity of atmospheric CO2 concentrations to input of iron to the oceans [J].Tellus,1999,51(B):453-460.
[2]张小曳.亚洲粉尘的源区分布、释放、输送、沉降与黄土堆积[J].第四纪研究,2001,21(1):29-40.
[3]An Z S,Liu T S,Lu Y C,et al.The long-term paleomonsoon variation recorded by the loess-paleosol sequence in central China[J].Quaternary International,1990,718:91-95.
[4]An Z S,Sun D H,Zhang X Y,et al.Accumulation sequence of Chinese loess and climatic records of Greenland ice core during the laast 130 ka[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1995,40:1272-1276.
[5]管清玉,潘保田,高红山,等.两高分辨率黄土剖面末次冰消期气候事件的差异探讨[J].中国沙漠,2007,27(2):177-181.
[6]张慧,潘保田,徐树建,等.末次间冰期以来渭河上游气候演化的黄土记录研究[J].中国沙漠,2007,27(2):182-186.
[7]杨艺,李保生,李云卓,等.巴丹吉林沙漠查格勒布剖面微量元素反映的150 ka BP以来的气候变化[J].中国沙漠,2007,27(1):1-8.
[8]Hovan S A,Rea D K,Pisias N G,et al.A direct link between the China loess and marine δ18O records:Aeolian flux to the North Pacific[J].Nature,1989,340:296-298.
[9]Hovan S A,Rea D K.The post-Eocene record of eolian deposition at ODP sites 752,754 and 756,eastern Indian Ocean[C]//Proceeding of Ocean Drill Program: Scientific Results.1991,121:219-228.
[10]Rea D K.The paleoclimatic record provided by eolian deposition in the deep sea:The geologic history of wind[J].Reviews of Geophysics,1994,32(2):159-195.
[11]Biscaye P E,Grousset F E,Revel M,et al.Asian provenance of glacial dust (stage 2) in the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 Ice Core,Summit,Greenland[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1997,102(C12):26765-26781.
[12]Ruth U,Bigler M,Rothlisberger R,et al.Ice core evidence for a very tight link between North Atlantic and east Asian glacial climate[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2007,34(10):L03406.
[13]Zhou W J,Head M J,Lu X F,et al.Teleconnection of climatic events between East Asia and polar high latitude areas during the last deglaciation[J].Palaeogeograhy,palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,1999,152:163-172.
[14]方小敏,韩永翔,马金辉,等.青藏高原沙尘特征与高原黄土堆积:以2003-03-04拉萨沙尘天气过程为例[J].科学通报,2004,(11):1084-1090.
[15]Sun J.Provenance of loess material and formation of loess deposits on the Chinese Loess Plateau[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2002,203: 845-859.
[16]强明瑞,肖舜,张家武,等.柴达木盆地北部风速对尘暴事件降尘的影响[J].中国沙漠,2007,27(2):290-295.
[17]钟海玲,高荣,李栋梁.地面风速的气候特征及其对沙尘暴的影响研究[J].中国沙漠,2009,29(2):321-326.
[18]Yang M X,Yao T D,Wang H J.Microparticle content records of the Dunde ice core and dust storms in northwestern China[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2006,27:223-229.
[19]刘纯平,姚檀栋,谢树成.祁连山敦德冰心微粒变化特征和大气环境记录[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1999,19(3):105-113.
[20]陈克造,Bowler J M.柴达木盆地察尔汗盐湖沉积特征及其古气候演化的初步研究[J].中国科学(B辑),1985,5:464-472.
[21]张西营,马海州,韩风清,等.德令哈盆地尕海湖DG03孔岩芯矿物组合与古环境变化[J].沉积学报,2007,25(5):767-773
[22]Zhao Y,Yu Z C,Chen F H,et al. Holocene vegetation and climate history at Huleg Lake in the Qaidam Basin,northwest China[J].Review of Palaeobotaany and Palynology,2007,145:275-288.
[23]强明瑞,陈发虎,张家武,等.2 ka来苏干湖沉积碳酸盐稳定同位素记录的气候变化[J].科学通报,2005,50(13):1385-1393.
[24]伍光和,胡双熙,张志良,等.柴达木盆地[M].兰州:兰州大学出版社,1985:4-35.
[25]郝永萍,方小敏,奚晓霞,等.柴达木盆地东缘晚更新世气候变化的(古)土壤发生记录[J].地理学报,1998,18(3):249-254.
[26]曾永年,冯兆东,曹广超.末次冰期以来柴达木盆地沙漠形成与演化[J].地理学报,2003,58(3):452-457.
[27]钟德才.柴达木盆地古沙丘的初步研究[C]//中国科学院盐湖研究所.青海柴达木盆地晚新生代地质环境演化.北京:科学出版社,1982:100-103
[28]刘东生.黄土与环境[M].北京:科学出版社,1985:1-2
[29]Ding Z L,Sun J M,Liu D S.A sedimentological proxy indicator linking changes in loess and deserts in the Quaternary[J].Science in China(Series D),1999,42(2):146-152.
[30]汪海斌,陈发虎,张家武.黄土高原西部地区黄土粒度的环境指示意义[J].中国沙漠,2002,22(1)：21-26.
[31]An Z S,Ding Z L.Millennial-scale climate oscillations during the last interglaciation in central China[J].Geology,1997,25:603-606.
[32]Boulay S,Colin C,Trentesaux A,et al.Mineralogy and sedimentology of Pleistocene sediments on the South China Sea (ODP Site 1144) Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program[J].Scientific Results,2002,184.
[33]Talor,S R,Mclennan,S M.The continental crust: Its composition and evolution[M].Oxford:Blackwell,1985.
[34]陈骏,季峻峰,仇纲,等.陕西洛川黄土化学风化程度的地球化学研究[J].中国科学(D辑),1997,27(6):531-536.
[35]Gallet S,Jahn B M,Torii M.Geochemical characterization of the Louchuan loess-paleosol sequence,China,and paleoclimatic implications[J].Chemical Geology,1996,33:67-88.
[36]文启忠.中国黄土地球化学[M].北京：科学出版社,1989:1-57.
[37]张虎才.元素表生地球化学特征理论基础[M].兰州:兰州大学出版社,1997:1-2
[38]叶玮.中国西风区黄土常量元素地球化学行为与古环境[J].干旱区地理,2003,26(1):23-29.
[39]刘东生.黄土的物质成分与结构[M].北京：科学出版社,1966:1-132.
[40]刘连文,陈骏,王洪涛,等.一个不受风力分选作用影响的化学风化指标:黄土酸不溶物中Fe/Mg值.科学通报,2001,46(7):578-582
[41]牟保磊.元素地球化学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1999:10-14.
[42]Liu T S,Guo Z T,Liu J Q,et al.Variation of eastern Asian monsoon over the last 140000 years[J].Bulletin Societ geologique France,1995,166:221-229.
[43]Shen J,Liu X Q,Wang S,et al.Palaeoclimatic changes in the Qinghai Lake area during the last 18 000 years[J]. Quaternary International,2005,136:131-140.
[44]康兴成,张其花.青海都兰过去2000年来的气候重建及其变迁[J].地球科学进展,2000,15(2):215-221.
[45]姚檀栋,Thompson L G.敦德冰芯记录的过去5 ka温度变化[J].中国科学（B辑）,1992,10:1089-1093.
[46]唐自华,穆桂金,陈冬梅,等.昆仑山北坡近5 000年以来黄土堆积的环境信息[J].第四纪研究,2007,27(4):598-606.
[47]Yang B,Braeuning A,Johnson K R,et al.General characteristics of temperature variation in China during the last two millennia[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2002,29(9).
[48]葛全胜,郑景云,方修琦,等.过去2000年中国东部冬半年温度变化[J].第四纪研究,2002,22(2):166-173.
[49]Mayewski P A,Maasch K A.Recent warming inconsistent with natural association between temperature and atmospheric circulation over the last 2000 years[J].Clim Past Discuss,2006,2:327-355.