古尔班通古特沙漠纵向沙垄植被空间异质性

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在古尔班通古特沙漠南部纵向沙垄上按5 m×10 m的网格测度植被样方100个,采集浅层风沙土样品184件。调查发现,乔灌木层片和草本层片的分布及相互关系明显受沙垄地形影响,并且在干旱环境下种群间的竞争和空间上的互补使两层片生态优势度具有显著的相关性。地统计分析结果显示,纵向沙垄上植被空间异质性表现为木本层片的物种多样性呈斑块状分布,草本层片物种多样性呈现平行沙垄的带状结构和斑块结构叠加的特点,而植被盖度则在垂直沙垄走向的方向上具有强烈的梯度性变化。和沙垄土壤理化性质空间格局特征相对比,植被盖度及物种多样性与风沙土浅层含水量在自相关空间（变程）及空间异质性程度上比较接近。这是纵向沙垄小生态系统中草本植物和浅层土壤水分耦合关系在空间上的反映,也是木本植物对水分和土壤资源在小尺度（m）上竞争及中小尺度（10～100 m）上互补的结果。

关键词: 植被, 空间异质性, 纵向沙垄, 古尔班通古特沙漠

Abstract: One hundred of vegetation quadrats at 5 m×10 m grid across two longitudinal dunes and interdune lands in the southern Gurbantunggut Desert were systemically measured, and 184 sand samples from aeolian sand layers within 0 30 cm were collected for physical and chemical analyses. The results of investigation represented that the distribution of tree-shrub and herbaceous synusia and their inter-relationship were significantly affected by the longitudinal dune landform, and the competition and the spatial complementarity between plant populations made the ecological dominances of two synusia significantly correlated in the arid environment. The geostatistical analysis showed that the spatial heterogeneity of the vegetation across the longitudinal dunes represented a patch-shaped distribution of the species diversity of woody synusia, and the species diversity of herbaceous synusia presented a superposing characteristic of zonal and patchy structures which are parallel with the stretching direction of the longitudinal dunes. The vegetation coverage presented a significant gradient variation in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal dunes. In comparison with the spatial pattern of the soil physical and chemical properties across the longitudinal dunes, the patterns of vegetation coverage and species diversity of plant communities were close to that of the shallow soil moisture in aspects of autocorrelative range and spatial heterogeneity degree. This is a reflection of the spatially coupling relationship between the vegetation and soil moisture content in the small ecological system across the longitudinal dunes, and also is a result of competition of tree and shrub plants for water and soil resources on small-scale (several meters) and complement on a medium-scale (more than ten to dozens meters).

Key words: vegetation, spatial heterogeneity, longitudinal dune, the Gurbantunggut Desert

中图分类号:

Q948.15

钱亦兵;吴兆宁;杨海峰;蒋超. 古尔班通古特沙漠纵向沙垄植被空间异质性[J]. 中国沙漠, 2011, 31(2): 420-427.

QIAN Yi-bing;WU Zhao-ning;YANG Hai-feng;JIANG Chao. Vegetation Spatial Heterogeneity across Longitudinal Dunes in the Southern Gurbantunggut Desert[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2011, 31(2): 420-427.

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