新月形沙丘表面风速廓线与风沙流结构变异研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在风沙地貌学中,跃移沙粒与风场的耦合作用下,其最直观的表现形式为风速廓线和风沙流结构的变异。通过对塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地新月形沙丘迎风坡坡脚、沙丘顶部、沙丘的两个兽角前端、沙丘背风坡坡脚5个典型部位的风速廓线和风沙流结构进行了实地观测,并与参照点（丘间粗沙地）的风速廓线和风沙流结构进行了对比。发现受地形扰动作用,沙丘背风坡坡脚处和沙丘的两个兽角前端的风速廓线形式均呈现非对数形式分布。除迎风坡坡脚处风沙流结构与参照点处相似之外,其余各个部位风沙流均表现出不同于参照点的结构形式。直接采用曲线拟合方法对风沙流结构函数进行拟合,并针对有明显分段现象的风沙流结构形式,采取分段拟合,并对造成风速廓线和风沙流结构变异的原因进行了讨论。

关键词: 塔克拉玛干沙漠, 新月形沙丘, 风速廓线, 风沙流结构

Abstract: Variation of wind profile and sand flow structure are the most visualized manifest in sand blown geomorphology under coupling of saltatory sand and wind field. Based on observation of wind profile and sand flow structure above a barchan dune in the Taklimakan Desert and comparison with those over a reference point (the flat ground between the longitudinal dunes), we found some variations of the wind profile and the wind-sand flow structure. Affected by perturbation of dune landform, the wind profiles above dune slip face and two horns' nose are all manifested as non-logarithmic function form. Except for the foot of stoss slope, the sand flow structure above all other positions of the barchan dune are different to that over the reference point. Curve functions are fitted for the sand flow structures, and the segmental fitting is especialy used to fit those sand flow structure having segmental phenomenon.

Key words: Taklimakan Desert, barchan dune, wind profile, sand flow structure

中图分类号:

X144

杜鹤强, 韩致文, 王涛, 孙家欢. 新月形沙丘表面风速廓线与风沙流结构变异研究[J]. 中国沙漠, 2012, 32(1): 9-16.

DU He-qiang, HAN Zhi-wen, WANG Tao, SUN Jia-huan. Variation of Wind Profile and Sand Flow Structure above Barchan Dune[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2012, 32(1): 9-16.

参考文献

[1]朱震达,陈治平,吴正,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠风沙地貌研究[M].北京:科学出版社,1981:103-106.

[2]朱震达,陆锦华.塔克拉玛干沙漠克里雅河下游地区风沙地貌的形成发育环境变化趋势的初步研究[J].中国沙漠,1988,8(2):1-10.

[3]董治宝,陈广庭,韩致文,等.塔里木沙漠石油公路风沙危害[J].环境科学,1997,18(1):5-9.

[4]董治宝,陈广庭,颜长珍,等.塔里木沙漠石油公路沿线沙丘的移动规律[J].中国沙漠,1998,18(4):328-333.

[5]Dong Zhibao,Chen Guangting,He Xingdong,et al.Controlling blown sand along the highway crossing the Taklimakan Desert[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2004,57:329-344.

[6]王训明,陈广庭.塔里木沙漠公路机械防沙体系效益评价及防沙带合理宽度的初步探讨[J].干旱区资源与环境,1997,11（4）:28-35.

[7]韩致文,王涛,孙庆伟,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠公路风沙危害与防治[J].地理学报,2003,58（2）:201-208.

[8]韩致文,王涛,董治宝,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠公路沿线风沙活动的时空分布[J].地理科学,2005,25（4）:455-460.

[9]朱震达.风力作用下沙丘演变动态过程中若干问题的初步研究[M]//中国科学院地理研究所.地理集刊（第5号）.北京:科学出版社,1963:58-78.

[10]朱震达.塔克拉玛干沙漠西南缘附近沙丘移动的研究[J].地理学报,1964,30（1）:10.

[11]朱震达,赵兴梁,凌裕泉,等.治沙工程学[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1998:30-35.

[12]Livingstone I,Warren A.Aeolian Geomorphology an Introduction[M].London:Addison Wesley Longman Limited,1996:211.

[13]吴正.风沙地貌与治沙工程学[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:17,31,43.

[14]Bagnold R A.The Physics of Blown Sand and Desert Dunes[M].London:Methuen & Co,1941:265.

[15]Frank A,Kocurek G.Airflow up the stoss of sand dune:Limitation of current understanding[J].Geomorphology,1996,17:47-56.

[16]Wiggs G F S.Desert dune processes and dynamics[J].Progress in Physical Geography,2001,25:53-79.

[17]Lancaster N,Nikling W C,McKenna N C.Sediment flux and airflow on a stoss slop for a barchan dune[J].Geomorphology,1996,17:47-56.

[18]Dong Zhibao,Qian Guangqiang,Lü Ping,et al.Turbulence fields in the lee of two-dimensional transverse dunes simulated in a wind tunnel[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2008,10:1704-1716.

[19]哈斯.腾格里沙漠东南缘沙丘表面风沙流结构变异的初步研究[J].科学通报,2004,49（11）:1099-1104.

[20]冯大军,倪晋仁,李振山.风沙流中不同粒径组沙粒的输沙量垂向分布实验研究[J].地理学报,2007,62（11）:1194-1203.

[21]Dong Z B,Qian G Q,Luo W Y,et al.Analysis of the mass flux profiles of an aeolian saltating cloud[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2006,111:D16111.

[22]艾力·买买提明,杨青,阿吉古丽·沙依提,等.塔中油田作业区防护林带的小气候效应[J].中国沙漠,2005,25（4）:535-540.

[23]Tsoar H.Profile analysis of sand dunes and their study state significance[J].Geography,Annal,1985,67A:45-59.

[24]邹学勇,刘玉璋,董光荣.风沙流能量的实验计算[J].科学通报,1994,39（2）:161-164.

[25]Dong Zhibao,Qian Guangqiang,Lü Ping,et al.Turbulence fields in the lee of two-dimensional transverse dunes simulated in a wind tunnel[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2008,10:1704-1716.

[26]张克存,屈建军,俎瑞平,等.不同下垫面对风沙流特性影响的风洞模拟研究[J].干旱区地理,2004,27（3）:352-355.

[27]Mlligan K R.Velocity profiles measured on the windward slope of a transverse dune[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,1988,13:573-582.

[28]张春来,郝青振,邹学勇,等.新月形沙丘迎风坡形态及沉积物对表面气流的响应[J].中国沙漠,1999,19（14）:359-363.

[29]刘贤万.实验风沙物理与风沙工程学[M].北京:科学出版社,1995:323.

[30]钱广强,董治宝,罗万银,等.横向沙丘背风侧气流重附风洞模拟[J].中国沙漠,2008:28（1）:16-20.

[31]Dong Z B,Wang H T.Velocity profile of a sand cloud blowing over a gravel surface[J].Geomorphology,2002,45:277-289.