不同水分条件下疏叶骆驼刺(Alhagi sparifolia)生长及根系分株构型特征

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2013.00103

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘优势植物种疏叶骆驼刺(Alhagi sparsifolia)为对象，在策勒荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站进行田间试验，对不同水分条件下疏叶骆驼刺幼苗根系生长特征、分株地上部分生长特征、分株根系构型特征进行了研究。结果表明：疏叶骆驼刺幼苗根冠比在不同水分处理之间差异不显著，根系深度随着土壤水分有效性的降低逐渐增加;分株地上部分指标均随土壤水分有效性降低显著减小，除处理B（灌溉量180 mm，灌溉1次）和处理C（灌溉量90 mm，灌溉2次）之间地上生物量差异不显著外，不同处理之间分株株高、冠幅、地上生物量差异均达到显著水平（p<0.05）;不同水分条件下疏叶骆驼刺分株种群密度、分株之间间隔物长度差异显著（p<0.05）;随着土壤水分有效性由高到低变化，分株生长格局逐步由“密集型”向“游击型”过渡，分枝角度之间差异不显著，且全部集中在90°左右;通过对分株层土壤水分含量与分株数量的分析发现，二者具有较好的相关性，分株数量随土壤含水量变化呈二次曲线变化。

关键词: 疏叶骆驼刺(Alhagi sparifolia), 克隆生长, 分株构型, 分株生长格局

Abstract:

We chose the dominant plant species Alhagi sparsifolia in the south fringe of the Takelamkan Desert as object, measured and analyzed the effects of different irrigation (A, total 360 mm,twice; B, total 180 mm,once; C, total 180 mm,twice; D,total 0 mm) on the characteristics of root growth of seedlings, aboveground part growth of ramets, root architecture of ramets in Qira, Xinjiang, China. The results showed that the root-shoot ratios of A. sparsifolia seedlings were not significantly different among the four treatments, the root growth depth increased with decreasing soil moisture; the number of the abovegound part of ramets all decreased with increasing soil moisture under different treatments; the plant height, aboveground biomass of ramets under different treatments were significantly different except that aboveground biomass between treatment B and treatment C(p<0.05); the density of ramet population and the spacer between ramets under different treatments were significantly different(p<0.05); ramets growth patterns were from phalanx to guerrilla with decreasing water supply, the branching angle were about 90°, among the four treatments were not significantly different(p＞0.05); we found that the soil moisture content of the soil had good correlations with the number of ramets, the number of ramets were in a quadratic curve when the soil moisture content increased.

Key words: Alhagi sparsifolia, clonal growth, ramets architecture, ramets growth patterns

中图分类号:

Q945.79

张利刚1,2, 曾凡江1, 袁娜3, 刘波1,2, 罗维成1,2, 宋聪1,2, 彭守兰1,2. 不同水分条件下疏叶骆驼刺(Alhagi sparifolia)生长及根系分株构型特征[J]. 中国沙漠, 2013, 33(3): 717-723.

ZHANG Li-gang1,2, ZENG Fan-jiang1, YUAN Na3, LIU Bo1,2, LUO Wei-cheng1,2, SONG Cong1,2, PENG Shou-lan1,2. Root Growth and Ramets Architecture Characteristics of Alhagi sparsifolia under Different Water Treatments[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2013, 33(3): 717-723.

参考文献

[1]Jackson J B C,Buss L W,Cook R C.Population Biology and Evolution of Clonal Organisms[M].New Haven:Yale University Press,1985.

[2]Dong M.Foraging through Morphological Responses in Clonal Herbs[D].Utrecht,Netherlands:Universiteit Utrecht,1994:73-84.

[3]Evans J P.The effect of local resource availability and clonal integration on ramet functional-morphology in hydrocotyle-bonariensis[J].Oecologia,1992,89(2):265-276.

[4]Cain M L,Damman H.Clonal growth and ramet performance in the woodland herb,Asarum canadense[J].Journal of Ecology,1997,85:883-897.

[5]Doust L L.Population dynamics and local specialization in a clonal perennial (Ranunculus repens).Ⅲ.Response to light and nutrient supply[J].Journal of Ecology,1987,75:555-568.

[6]Cook R E.Growth and development in clonal plant population[M]/Jackson J B C,Buss L W,Cook R E.Population Biology and Evolution of Clonal Organisms.New Haven:Yale University,1985:259-296.

[7]Huber H.Architectural Plasticity of Stoloniferous and Erect Herbs in Response to Light Climate[D].Utrecht,Netherlands:Universiteit Utrecht.1997.

[8]董鸣.资源异质性环境中的植物克隆生长:觅食行为[J].植物学报,1996,38(10):828-835.

[9]Kroon D,Hutchings M J.Morphological plasticity in clonal plant:the foraging concept reconsidered[J].Journal of Ecology,1995,83:143-152

[10]Slade A J,Hutchings M J.The effects of nutrient availability on foraging in the clonal herb Glechoma hederacea[J].Journal of Ecology,1987,75:95-112.

[11]Doust L L.Population dynamics and specialization in a clonal perennial (Rannunculus repens).Ⅰ:the dynamics of ramets in contrasting habitats[J].Journal of Ecology,1981,69:743-755.

[12]Frankland J C,Ovington J D,Marcrae C.Spatial and seasonal variation in soil,litter and vegetation in some Lake District woods[J].Journal of Ecology,1963,51:97-112.

[13]Thomas F M,Arndt S K,Bruelheide H,et al.Ecological basis for a sustainable management of the indigenous vegetation in a centralasian desert:presentation and first results[J].Journal of Applied Botany,2000,74:212-219.

[14]朱俊涛,李向义,张希明.等.灌溉对疏叶骆驼刺(Alhagi sparsifolia)幼苗光合生理指标及渗透物质的影响[J].中国沙漠,2009,29(4):697-702.

[15]步怀宇,贾敬芬,郝建国.骆驼刺高效离体植株再生体系的建立[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),2000,30(6):505-508.

[16]曾凡江,郭海峰,刘波,等.疏叶骆驼刺幼苗根系生态学特性对水分处理的响应[J].干旱区研究,2009,26(6):852-858.

[17]张晓蕾,曾凡江,刘波,等.塔干沙漠南缘骆驼刺幼苗根系生长和分布对不同灌溉量的响应[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(6):1459-1466.

[18]王娓,彭书时,方精云.中国北方天然草地的生物量分配及其对气候的响应[J].干旱区研究,2008,25(1):90-97.

[19]Wang L,Niu K C,Yang Y H,et al.Patterns of above and belowground biomass allocation in China’s grasslands:evidence from individual-level observations[J].Science China:Life Sciences,2010,53(7):851-857.

[20]Gedroc J J,McConnaughay K D M,Coleman J S.Plasticity in root/shoot partitioning:optinal ontogenetic,or both?[J].Functional Ecology,1996,10:44-50.

[21]徐炳成,山仑.苜蓿和沙打旺苗期需水及其根冠比[J].草地学报,2003,11(1):78-82.

[22]郭立冬,何兴东.不同气温与土壤湿度条件下籽蒿幼苗的表型可塑性[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(4):987-991.

[23]蒋礼学,李彦.三种荒漠灌木根系的构形特征与叶性因子对干旱生境的适应性比较[J].中国沙漠,2008,28(6):1118-1124.

[24]张志勇,王素芳,汤菊香,等.植物根系形态建成研究进展[J].江苏农业科技,2009(3):14-19.

[25]李鹏,赵忠,李占斌,等.植被根系与生态环境相互作用机制研究进展[J].西北林学院学报,2002,17(2):26-32.

[26]杨培岭,罗远培,石元普.土壤-植物根系统的水分传输(综述)[J].北京农业大学学报,1993,19(2):25-30.

[27]潘颜霞,王新平,苏延桂,等.荒漠人工固沙植被区浅层土壤水分动态的时间稳定性特征[J].中国沙漠,2009,29(1):81-86.

[28]刘新平,赵哈林,何玉惠,等.生长季流动沙地水量平衡研究[J].中国沙漠,2009,29(4):663-667.

[29]卢建国,王海涛,何兴东.毛乌素沙地半固定沙丘油蒿种群对土壤湿度空间异质性的响应[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(8):1469-1474.

[30]何军,赵聪蛟,清华,等.土壤水分条件对克隆植物互花米草表型可塑性的影响[J].生态学报,2009,29(7):3518-3524.

[31]刘庆,钟章成.斑苦竹无性系生长与水分供应及其适应对策的研究[J].植物生态学报,1996,20(3):245-254.

[32]Luo X G,Dong M.Architecture plasticity in response to soil moisture in the stoloniferous herb Duchesnea indica[J].Acta Botanica Sinica,2002,44(1):97-100.