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中国沙漠 ›› 2016, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (1): 34-39.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2015.00197

• “沙漠化土地恢复与持续利用国际研讨会”暨中国科学院奈曼沙漠化研究站30周年站庆会议论文选 • 上一篇    下一篇

放牧强度对科尔沁沙地沙质草地植被的影响

吕朋1,2, 左小安1, 张婧1,2, 周欣1,2, 连杰1, 刘良旭1,2   

  1. 1. 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 奈曼沙漠化研究站, 甘肃 兰州 730000;
    2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2015-10-26 修回日期:2015-12-22 出版日期:2016-01-20 发布日期:2016-01-20
  • 作者简介:吕朋(1989-),男,山东莱芜人,硕士研究生,主要从事植被生态学方面的研究。E-mail:lvpengsnake@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(40171414);中国科学院"百人计划"项目(Y451H31001);中科院青-创新促进会项目(1100000036);内蒙古自治区科技重大专项(Y439K71001)

Effects of Grazing Intensity on Vegetation in Sandy Grassland of Horqin

Lv Peng1,2, Zuo Xiaoan1, Zhang Jing1,2, Zhou Xin1,2, Lian Jie1, Liu Liangxu1,2   

  1. 1. Naiman Desertification Research Station, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;
    2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • Received:2015-10-26 Revised:2015-12-22 Online:2016-01-20 Published:2016-01-20

摘要: 为了研究科尔沁沙地沙质草地在不同放牧强度下植被特征的变化规律,比较了围封、中度放牧、重度放牧3种条件下的植被盖度、群落组成、物种多样性、地上/地下生物量和凋落物量等植被特征的变化特征。结果表明:(1)围封、中度放牧和重度放牧沙质草地的优势植物均为一年生植物,但围封和中度放牧中多年生禾本科植物优势度高于重度放牧,重度放牧沙质草地一年生植物所占优势度最大;(2)放牧强度对沙质草地植被盖度、地上生物量及凋落物量有显著影响。随着放牧强度的增加,植被盖度、地上生物量和凋落物量均降低;(3)围封、中度放牧和重度放牧沙质草地物种丰富度及多样性差异均不显著;(4)放牧强度和土壤深度及其交互作用均能影响地下生物量。随着放牧强度的增加,总的地下根系生物量减小。而重度放牧草地中, 3个土壤深度间地下根系生物量差异不显著。放牧改变了沙质草地植物群落的组成、极大降低了植被盖度和生产力;尤其是重度放牧急剧增加了一年生植物的优势、且对浅层根分布的减少影响最大。

关键词: 科尔沁沙地, 放牧强度, 物种多样性, 生物量, 根系

Abstract: To study the variation of vegetation characteristics in different grazing intensities in sandy grassland of Horqin sandy land, we contracted the variation of vegetation characteristics, such as cover, community composition, species diversity, above-under-ground biomass and litter biomass in enclosed, moderate grazing and heavy grazing sandy grassland. The results were as follows:(1)The dominant plant was annual among enclosed, moderate grazing and heavy grazing sandy grassland, but the dominance of grasses in enclosed and moderate grazing sandy grassland was higher than heavy grazing, the dominance of annual of heavy grazing sandy grassland was the biggest;(2)Grazing intensity had significant impacts on cover, aboveground biomass and litter biomass; and with the increase of grazing intensity, cover, aboveground biomass and litter biomass were declined;(3)The differences of species richness and diversity of enclosed, moderate grazing and heavy grazing sandy grassland were not significant.(4)The grazing intensity, the depth of soil and their interactions had significant impacts on underground biomass. The total underground biomass was decreased with the increase of grazing intensity. While, the underground biomass of three different soil depth in heavy grazing sandy grassland was not significant. Grazing changed the community composition of sandy grassland, and the cover and productivity were greatly reduced. Especially, heavy grazing dramatically increased the advantage of annuals, and had the greatest effect on the decrease of shallow roots' distribution.

Key words: Horqin Sandy Land, grazing intensities, species diversity, biomass, root

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