火星风沙地貌研究进展

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2015.00044

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 作为最活跃的地貌塑造外营力，风力作用在火星表面塑造了各种各样的地貌形态。对火星风沙活动及风沙地貌的认识是随着观测和探测技术的进步而逐渐明确的。火星沙丘在北极地区连绵成带状分布，在其他地区分布比较零散，且主要与撞击坑、河谷和山谷相伴分布。火星风沙地貌与地球上相应的地貌类型形态相似而规模更大，表明两个星球上塑造风沙地貌的动力系统具有一定的相似性。火星沙丘主要由玄武岩质（北极部分沙丘为石膏质）颗粒堆积而成，沉积物粒度比地球粗，主要是由中沙和粗纱组成。随着获取影像时空分辨率的提高和着陆器在火星近表面的观测，发现火星上部分区域的沙丘和沙波纹比较活跃。同地球一样，火星风沙地貌也可指示火星气候的变化。

关键词: 风沙地貌, 行星地貌, 沙丘, 雅丹, 火星

Abstract: As the most active external geomorphic agency, wind shaped a diversity of aeolian landforms on Martian surface. The understanding and knowledge to aeolian activity and landforms on Mars is gradually becoming clear with the development of techniques on observation and exploration. Aeolian dunes on the north polar form a continuous belt to be the only sand desert on Mars. Whereas dunes in the other regions are much sporadic and coexist with craters, wadies and valleys. Compared with the counterparts on Earth, the aeolian landforms on Mars are much larger in size but the external morphology is very similar, which indicates the similarity of geomorphic agencies on both planets. The Martian dunes are mainly accumulated by basaltic grains, while some dunes in the north polar are deposited by gypsum. The grain size of sand on Mars is much coarser than on Earth and the dunes are mainly composed of medium and coarse sand. With the increasing of temporal-spatial resolution of obtained remote images and the near surface observation of landers, it indicates that dunes and ripples in some region are still active. The aeolian landforms can also indicate climate change on Mars, just as on Earth.

Key words: aeolian landform, planetary landform, dune, Yardang, Mars

中图分类号:

P931.3

李继彦, 董治宝. 火星风沙地貌研究进展[J]. 中国沙漠, 2016, 36(4): 951-961.

Li Jiyan, Dong Zhibao. Research Progress of Aeolian Landforms on Mars[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2016, 36(4): 951-961.

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