天山北坡东部叉子圆柏(Sabina vulgaris)树轮宽度气候重建潜力评估

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2017.00050

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 叉子圆柏（Sabina vulgaris）年轮边界清晰，广泛分布于天山北坡海拔1 200～3 100m范围，比雪岭云杉的海拔分布范围更广。该树种最大树龄在200a以上，目前还未见利用这一树种开展树轮年代学研究的报道。建立了天山北坡东部木垒山区叉子圆柏的树轮宽度年表，分析其年表特征及其与木垒气象站降水量、降水日数、气温、蒸发量和标准化降水蒸发指数（SPEI）的相关关系，评估叉子圆柏的气候信息含量及其用于气候重建的潜力。结果表明：叉子圆柏树轮宽度具有较高的敏感度和序列间的一致性，树木径向生长受到当年生长季（3—8月）及其前期降水和蒸发的综合影响，宽度年表与当年的降水量和降水日数显著正相关，与气温和蒸发量显著负相关，与当年4—7月SPEI的正相关最为显著（n=55，r=0.650，P<0.0001）。基于一元线性方程（Y=2.783X-2.975，R²=42.2%，R_adj²=41.1%），利用叉子圆柏树轮宽度重建了东天山北坡木垒4—7月SPEI变化。与基于雪岭云杉树轮宽度重建的东天山降水记录的比较表明：1860—2013年间二者相关系数为0.381，低频变化都记录了1910—1940年的持续干旱期。SPEI序列中的部分极端干旱年与降水记录并不一致，SPEI记录的20世纪90年代以来的持续偏干趋势在树轮降水记录中并不明显，可能是由于两个重建的要素和时段不一致，SPEI指数考虑了增温引起的蒸发作用加剧的影响。叉子圆柏主要分布在阳坡（雪岭云杉一般生长在阴坡），特别是可以在天山北坡雪岭云杉下树线以下的区域生长，叉子圆柏树轮宽度反映的气象要素和时段与雪岭云杉存在差异，因此在天山山区树轮年代学研究中能作为雪岭云杉的有益补充。

关键词: 灌木, 叉子圆柏(Sabina vulgaris), SPEI, 天山, 树木年轮

Abstract: A juniper shrub species, Sabina vulgaris, is widely spread at Tianshan Mountains at the elevation of 1 200-3 100 m. The elevation range of its distribution is more extensive than Schrenk spruce. Its maximum age reaches above 200-years with distinct annual ring boundary. To our knowledge, the species of Sabina vulgaris has not been used for dendrochronological research. In this study, tree-ring width chronology of Sabina vulgaris is developed at the northern slopes of eastern Tianshan Mountains. The characteristic of tree-ring width chronology and its response to precipitation, number of precipitaiton days, temperature, evaporation and standard precipitation evaporation index (SPEI) were analyzed, and the dendroclimtological potential was evaluated. Correlation analysis revealed that tree-ring width index is significantly positive correlated with the precipitation from March to June and the number of precipitation days from March to July, and significantly negative correlated with the maximum, mean and minimum temperature from April to July and evaporation from March to June. SPEI from April to July, as a comprehensive index of precipitation and evaporation, is significantly positive correlated with tree-ring width index(n=55, r=0.650, P<0.0001). A linear tranfer function between tree-ring width index and SPEI was established to reconstruct the SPEI of Mulei. the correlation coefficient between reconstructed SPEI and precipitation record in Mulei is 0.381 during 1860-2013. They both recoreded the lasting drought period during 1910-1940, however the drought trend since 1990s in the SPEI series is not obvious in the precipitation record. Three of the five extreme drought years in the SPEI series are consistent with thoes in the precipitation series. Sabina vulgaris grows at the sunny slopes, and it also can grows at the area lower than the lower limit of Schrenk spruce. At the same time, the climate factor and period which tree ring width of Sabina vulgaris contain are also different as Schrenk spruce. It could be regarded as the the useful supplement for Schrenk spruce in dendrochronological research at the northern slopes of Tianshan Mountains.

Key words: Tianshan Mountains, tree-ring, shrub, Sabina vulgaris, SPEI

中图分类号:

Q948.112

尚华明, 范子昂, 牛军强, 张同文, 陈峰, 张瑞波, 秦莉, 魏文寿, 袁玉江. 天山北坡东部叉子圆柏(Sabina vulgaris)树轮宽度气候重建潜力评估[J]. 中国沙漠, 2018, 38(4): 841-848.

Shang Huaming, Fan Ziang, Niu Junqiang, Zhang Tongwen, Chen Feng, Zhang Ruibo, Qin Li, Wei Wenshou, Yuan Yujiamg. Dendrochronological Potential Evaluation of Tree-ring Width of Sabina vulgaris at the Northern Slope of Eastern Tianshan Mountains[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2018, 38(4): 841-848.

参考文献

[1] 魏文寿,袁玉江,喻树龙,等.中国天山山区235 a气候变化及降水趋势预测[J].中国沙漠,2008,28(5):803-808.
[2] 袁玉江,邵雪梅.夏干萨特树轮年表中降水信息的探讨与326年降水重建[J].生态学报,2002,22(12):2048-2053.
[3] Yu S,Yuan Y,Wei W,et al.A 352-year record of summer temperature reconstruction in the western Tianshan Mountains,China,as deduced from tree-ring density[J].Quaternary Research,2013,80(2):158-166.
[4] 张瑞波,袁玉江,魏文寿,等.用树轮灰度重建乌孙山北坡4-5月平均最低气温[J].中国沙漠,2008,28(5):848-854.
[5] 张同文,袁玉江,陈向军,等.利用树轮宽度资料重建东天山木垒地区降水量[J].第四纪研究,2015,35(5):1121-1133.
[6] 尚华明,尹仔锋,陈志军,等.天山北坡精河1615-2007年径流量变化的树轮记录[J].水科学进展,2014,25(6):779-788.
[7] Li J,Cook E R,Chen F,et al.An extreme drought event in the central Tien Shan area in the year 1945[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2010,74(10):1225-1231.
[8] Yuan Y,Shao X,Wei W,et al.The Potential to Reconstruct Manasi River Streamflow in the Northern Tien Shan Mountains (NW China)[J].Tree-Ring Research,2007,63(2):81-93.
[9] 张志华,吴祥定,李骥.利用树木年轮资料重建新疆东天山300多年来干旱日数的变化[J].应用气象学报,1996,7(1):53-60.
[10] 彭剑峰,勾晓华,陈发虎,等.天山东部西伯利亚落叶松树轮生长对气候要素的响应分析[J].生态学报,2006,26(8):2723-2731.
[11] Forbes B C,Macias F M,Pentti Z.Russian Arctic warming and ‘greening’ are closely tracked by tundra shrub willows[J].Global Change Biology,2010,16(5):1542-1554.
[12] Naito A T,Cairns D M.Relationships between Arctic shrub dynamics and topographically derived hydrologic characteristics[J].Environmental Research Letters,2011,6(4):045506.
[13] Xiao S C,Xiao H L,Dong Z B,et al.Dry/wet variation recorded by shrub tree-rings in the central Badain Jaran Desert of northwestern China[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2012,87(87):85-94.
[14] 芦晓明,梁尔源.灌木年轮学研究进展[J].生态学报,2013,33(5):1367-1374.
[15] Liang E,Lu X,Ping R,et al.Annual increments of juniper dwarf shrubs above the tree line on the central Tibetan Plateau:a useful climatic proxy[J].Annals of Botany,2012,109(4):721-728.
[16] 肖生春,肖洪浪,宋耀选,等.荒漠植被红砂(Reaumurta soongorica)水热响应的年轮学研究[J].中国沙漠,2006,26(4):548-552.
[17] Bi Y,Xu J,Yang J,et al.Ring-widths of the above tree-line shrub Rhododendron,reveal the change of minimum winter temperature over the past 211 years in Southwestern China[J].Climate Dynamics,2016:1-15.
[18] 徐国保,刘晓宏,陈拓,等.新疆哈密八大石森林上限树轮记录的温度变化信息[J].山地学报,2009,27(4):402-410.
[19] 秦莉,袁玉江,喻树龙,等.利用树轮宽度资料重建天山东段近443年相对湿度变化[J].地球环境学报,2012,3(3):908-914.
[20] Esper J,Shiyatov S G,Mazepa V S,et al.Temperature-sensitive Tien Shan tree ring chronologies show multi-centennial growth trends[J].Climate Dynamics,2003,21(7):699-706.
[21] Feng C,He Q,Bakytbek E,et al.Climatic signals in tree rings of Juniperus turkestanica in the Gulcha River Basin (Kyrgyzstan),reveals the recent wetting trend of high Asia[J].Dendrobiology,2015,74:33-40.
[22] 中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会.中国植物志[M].北京:科学出版社,1978:360.
[23] Stokes M A,Smiley T L.An Introduction to Tree-ring Dating[M].Tucson,USA:University of Arizona Press,1996:1-61.
[24] Holmes R L.Computer-assisted quality control in tree-ring dating and measurement[J].Tree-Ring Bulletin,1983,44(3):69-75.
[25] Rinn F.TSAP-Win:Time Series Analysis Presentation for Dendrochronology and Related Applications.Version 4.64 User Reference[Z].Heidlberg,Germany,2011.http://www.rinntech.com.
[26] Cook E R.Methods of Dendrochronology[M].Dordrecht,Netherlands:Kluwer Academic Publishers,1990:1-200.
[27] Vicenteserrano S M,Beguer a S,L pezmoreno J I.A multiscalar drought index sensitive to global warming:the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index[J].Journal of Climate,2010,23(7):1696-1718.
[28] 庄少伟,左洪超,任鹏程,等.标准化降水蒸发指数在中国区域的应用[J].气候与环境研究,2013,18(5):617-625.
[29] 赵静,严登华,杨志勇,等.标准化降水蒸发指数的改进与适用性评价[J].物理学报,2015,64(4):378-386.
[30] 陈向军,袁玉江,陈峰,等.天山北坡东部地区树轮宽度年表特征分析[J].中国沙漠,2008,28(5):833-841.
[31] 秦莉,史玉光,袁玉江,等.天山中部北坡头屯河流域树轮宽度年表特征分析及其与气候要素的相关性初探[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2010,4(1):16-23.
[32] 尚华明,魏文寿,袁玉江,等.树轮记录的中天山150年降水变化特征[J].干旱区研究,2010,27(3):443-449.
[33] 张瑞波,魏文寿,袁玉江,等.1396-2005年天山南坡阿克苏河流域降水序列重建与分析[J].冰川冻土,2009,31(1):31-37.
[34] Zhang T W,Yuan Y J,Liu Y,et al.A tree-ring based precipitation reconstruction for the Baluntai region on the southern slope of the central Tien Shan Mountains,China,since A.D.1464[J].Quaternary International,2013,283:55-62.
[35] Woodhouse C A,Meko D.Number of winter precipitation days reconstructed from southwestern tree rings[J].Journal of climate,1997,10(10):2663-2669.
[36] Yuan Y J,Jin L Y,Shao X M,et al.Variations of the spring precipitation day numbers reconstructed from tree rings in the Urumqi River drainage,Tianshan Mts.over the last 370 years[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2003,48(14):1507-1510.
[37] 袁玉江,叶玮,董光荣.天山西部伊犁地区314 a降水的重建与分析[J].冰川冻土,2000,22(2):121-127.
[38] 牛军强,袁玉江,陈峰,等.利用树木年轮重建阿勒泰地区1794-2012年降水量[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(6):1555-1563.