荒漠草原沙生针茅(Stipa glareosa)群落物种多样性和地上生物量对降雨量的响应

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2018.00023

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用野外降雨量增减试验平台，研究了荒漠草原沙生针茅（Stipa glareosa）群落物种多样性和地上生物量对降雨量的响应特征。结果表明：降雨量增加或减少均能导致物种的改变，使物种多样性发生变化。处理中，4种物种多样性指数整体表现为8月高于6月。降雨量减少40%时，Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson优势集中性指数和物种丰富度Patrick指数最低，减少20%时，Pielou均匀度指数最低。降雨量增减也能够导致盖度与生物量的响应。降雨量减少60%、40%、20%时，6月植被盖度高于8月；降雨量增加20%、40%、60%时，6月植被盖度低于8月。降雨量减少和增加对荒漠草原植被盖度都有累加效应，即随时间变化，增雨处理使植被盖度持续升高，反之亦然。随降雨量增加，地上现存生物量逐渐升高，且在降雨量增加60%时达最大。降雨量减少60%、40%、20%和增加20%，都会显著降低凋落物生物量（P<0.05）。随降雨量增加，地上现存生物量与凋落物生物量的比值增大。在荒漠草原沙生针茅群落中，降雨量增加，有利于地上现存生物量的积累和地上总生物量的提高。影响荒漠草原地区植物群落地上生物量和物种多样性的关键降雨量变化范围为减雨40%~20%和增雨40%~60%。超出该范围，植物群落地上生物量和物种多样性对降雨变化的响应都会减弱。增雨20%~40%对地上生物量和物种多样性的影响不显著。

关键词: 荒漠草原, 物种多样性, 生物量, 降雨量增减

Abstract: Responses of the stipa glareosa community species diversity and above-ground biomass to precipitation variation was examined by an in situ experimental platform in desert-grassland region in northern China. The results indicated that plant species changed with precipitation variation and the four kinds of species diversity index in June were higher than that in August. The Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index and Patrick index were the lowest while rainfall decreased by 40%. Pielou index was at the lowest while rainfall decreased by 20%. Precipitation change also impacted the community coverage and biomass. The coverage in June was higher than that in August while rainfall decreased by 60%, 40% and 20% and lower than that in August while rainfall increased 20%, 40% and 60%. Precipitation change had a cumulative effect on vegetation coverage in the desert-grassland. Standing biomass increased with precipitation increase, and till the highest when precipitation increased by 60%. Litter biomass significantly reduced with precipitation increased 20%, 40% and 60% or decreased 20% (P<0.05). The critical precipitation range for plant community above-ground biomass and species diversity was 40%-20% decreased and 40%-60% increased, and precipitation increase by 20%-40% had no significant effects on the above-ground biomass and species diversity.

Key words: desert grassland, species diversity, biomass, precipitation increase or decrease

中图分类号:

Q948.11

张蕊, 赵学勇, 左小安, 刘新平, 曲浩, 马旭君, 刘良旭, 陈娟丽, 刘立平. 荒漠草原沙生针茅(Stipa glareosa)群落物种多样性和地上生物量对降雨量的响应[J]. 中国沙漠, 2019, 39(2): 45-52.

Zhang Rui, Zhao Xueyong, Zuo Xiaoan, Liu Xinping, Qu Hao, Ma Xujun, Liu Liangxu, Chen Juanli, Liu Liping. Responses of the Stipa glareosa Community Species Diversity and Above-ground Biomass to Precipitation in the Desert-steppe Region in Northern China[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2019, 39(2): 45-52.

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