中国沙漠 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (2): 142-152.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2021.00099
• • 上一篇
牛震敏(), 王乃昂(
), 温鹏辉, 苏贤保, 于昕冉, 张文佳
收稿日期:
2021-04-02
修回日期:
2021-08-12
出版日期:
2022-03-20
发布日期:
2022-03-30
通讯作者:
王乃昂
作者简介:
王乃昂(E-mail: wangna@lzu.edu.cn)基金资助:
Zhenmin Niu(), Naiang Wang(
), Penghui Wen, Xianbao Su, Xinran Yu, Wenjia Zhang
Received:
2021-04-02
Revised:
2021-08-12
Online:
2022-03-20
Published:
2022-03-30
Contact:
Naiang Wang
摘要:
湖泊与高大沙山共存是巴丹吉林沙漠独特的自然景观,对其形成机制尚未形成共识。已有研究发现沙层含水量偏高的现象可能在高大沙山的形成中发挥了重要作用,但对其水分来源的研究尚不充分。本研究通过对沙漠腹地3个湖盆内气象要素和浅层沙含水量时空分布的对比,结合前人对水同位素和水分运移规律的研究,发现湖泊的存在大大增加了湖盆内空气相对湿度和浅层沙含水量的变化幅度,并影响了浅层沙含水量随高度的分布特征;相关分析表明,控制有湖湖盆浅层沙含水量变化的主导过程是气温升降引起的水分损失与补充,而干湖盆浅层沙水分补给主要来自风的平流输送。尽管沙丘分层含水量的长期定量观测仍有待开展,但现有证据表明巴丹吉林沙漠高大沙山沙层含水量偏高的现象很可能是湖泊蒸发的水汽以土壤吸附水汽或凝结水等形式逐渐运移至沙层内而形成,是湖泊-沙山体系长期共存、形成局地水汽平衡的结果。这为沙层水分来源研究提供了新的视角,也对沙漠腹地水资源开发利用有一定的参考意义。
中图分类号:
牛震敏, 王乃昂, 温鹏辉, 苏贤保, 于昕冉, 张文佳. 巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊对浅层沙含水量的影响[J]. 中国沙漠, 2022, 42(2): 142-152.
Zhenmin Niu, Naiang Wang, Penghui Wen, Xianbao Su, Xinran Yu, Wenjia Zhang. Interdune lakes affects the water content of shallow sand layer: a situ observation from the Badain Jaran Sand Sea, China[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2022, 42(2): 142-152.
图2 苏木巴润吉林、巴嘎吉林、乌兰敖格钦3个湖盆内风速、气温和空气相对湿度的对比和自动气象站记录的日平均相对湿度
Fig.2 Comparison of wind speed, temperature and relative air humidity in Sumubarunjilin, Bagajilin and Wulanaogeqin, and the daily average relative humidity from the automatic weather station
图3 苏木巴润吉林、巴嘎吉林和乌兰敖格钦湖盆内空气相对湿度随风速和气温的变化
Fig.3 The variation of relative humidity of the air wind speed and temperature in Sumubarunjilin, Bagajilin and Wulanaogeqin
项目 | 苏木巴润吉林 | 巴嘎吉林 | 乌兰敖格钦 |
---|---|---|---|
参数a | 3 073.39 | 160.19 | 49.77 |
参数b | -0.26 | -0.12 | -0.05 |
R2 | 0.50 | 0.52 | 0.50 |
P | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
表1 相对湿度与气温的拟合参数与检验统计量
Table 1 Fitting parameters and statistics of test for relative humidity and air temperature
项目 | 苏木巴润吉林 | 巴嘎吉林 | 乌兰敖格钦 |
---|---|---|---|
参数a | 3 073.39 | 160.19 | 49.77 |
参数b | -0.26 | -0.12 | -0.05 |
R2 | 0.50 | 0.52 | 0.50 |
P | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
图4 浅层沙含水量随高度的变化。A、B、C分别为苏木巴润吉林、巴嘎吉林和乌兰敖格钦各深度的含水量; D为苏木巴润吉林、巴嘎吉林和乌兰敖格钦0—30 cm平均含水量随高度的变化;E、F、G分别为苏木巴润吉林、巴嘎吉林和乌兰敖格钦0—30 cm平均含水量随高度变化的距平值
Fig.4 Variation of water content with height in shallow sand layer. A, B, and C are the soil water content at each depth in Sumubarunjilin, Bagajilin, and Wulanaogeqin, respectively; D Variation of the average water content of 0-30 cm depths in Sumubarunjilin, Bagajilin, and Wulanaogeqin; E, F, and G are the variation of anomaly value of the average water content in 0-30 cm depths with height in Sumubarunjilin, Bagajilin and Wulanaogeqin, respectively
图5 沙层含水量随时间和深度的变化。A、B、C分别为苏木巴润吉林、巴嘎吉林和乌兰敖格钦30 cm内各层次的含水量,其中,“-2.5”代表0—5 cm深度,“-7.5”代表5—10 cm深度,以此类推;D为苏木巴润吉林、巴嘎吉林和乌兰敖格钦30 cm内平均含水量随时间的变化;E为苏木巴润吉林、巴嘎吉林和乌兰敖格钦30 cm内各层次的平均含水量随深度的变化;在D和E中,a为苏木巴润吉林,b为巴嘎吉林,c为乌兰敖格钦;F高大沙山背风坡0—4 m深度内6个剖面含水量随深度的变化及其均值(据文献[35]改绘)
Fig.5 Variation of soil water content over time and depth. A, B and C are the soil water content at different depths within 30 cm in Sumubarunjilin, Bagajilin and Wulanaogeqin, respectively, where "-2.5" represents 0-5 cm depths, "-7.5" represents 5-10 cm depths, and so on; D is variation of the average soil water content within 30 cm over time in Sumubarunjilin, Bagajilin and Wulanaogeqin; E is variation of the average soil water content with depth of each layer within 30 cm in Sumubarunjilin, Bagajilin and Wulanaogeqin; in D and E, “a” represents Sumubarunjilin, “b” represents Bagajilin and “c” represents Wulanaogeqin; F is the variation of soil water content with depth and the average value of 6 profiles within the leeward slope of mega-dunes from 0 to 4 m (revised from literature [35])
图6 不同深度浅层沙含水量与风速、气温和相对湿度的关系。其中,“-2.5”代表0—5 cm深度,“-7.5”代表5—10 cm深度,以此类推
Fig.6 The relationship between water content of shallow sand at different depths and wind speed, air temperature and relative humidity, where, "-2.5" represents 0-5 cm depths, "-7.5" represents 5-10 cm depths, and so on
图7 巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊群区域湖水、地下水、土壤水、大气水、凝结水氢氧同位素特征(据文献[33]改绘)
Fig.7 Isotope δD-δ18O composition of the Global Meteoric Water Line (GMWL), local meteoric water line (rainfall and snow water), evaporation line, rainfall, snow water, atmospheric water vapor, condensate water, groundwater, soil water, and lake water in the lake group area of Badain Jaran Sand Sea (Modified from literature [33])
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