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中国沙漠 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 326-336.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00124

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宁夏罗山典型林分土壤养分特征与凋落物质量的关系

陈晶亮1,2(), 谭松伟3, 刘超3, 黄磊4()   

  1. 1.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 沙坡头沙漠研究试验站,甘肃 兰州 730000
    2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
    3.宁夏罗山国家级自然保护区管理局,宁夏 吴忠 751999
    4.宁夏大学 林业与草业学院,宁夏 银川 750021
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-30 修回日期:2025-05-27 出版日期:2025-05-20 发布日期:2025-06-30
  • 通讯作者: 黄磊
  • 作者简介:陈晶亮(1999—),男,甘肃陇西人,硕士研究生,主要从事森林生态水文学研究。E-mail: chenjingliang22@mails.ucas.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2023BEG02039);宁夏自然科学基金项目(2024AAC02027);宁夏留学人员回国创新项目

Relationship between soil nutrient characteristics and litter quality of three typical stands in LuoshanNingxiaChina

Jingliang Chen1,2(), Songwei Tan3, Chao Liu3, Lei Huang4()   

  1. 1.Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
    3.Ningxia Luoshan National Nature Reserve Management Bureau,Wuzhong 751999,Ningxia,China
    4.College of Forestry and Prataculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China
  • Received:2025-03-30 Revised:2025-05-27 Online:2025-05-20 Published:2025-06-30
  • Contact: Lei Huang

摘要:

凋落物层和土壤层是森林生态系统物质循环和能量流动的重要载体,量化森林土壤养分特征及其与凋落物质量和养分利用效率的关系,是揭示干旱山地森林生态系统养分循环和评估生产力的关键。本研究以宁夏罗山国家级自然保护区内青海云杉纯林、油松纯林和青海云杉-油松混交林为对象,基于样地调查和土壤、凋落物样品测定,运用冗余分析(RDA)阐释了3种典型林分土壤养分特征及其与凋落物质量和养分利用效率的关系。结果表明:(1)3种典型林分土壤养分含量在0~10 cm土层均显著高于10~20 cm和20~40 cm土层(P<0.05),而在10~20 cm和20~40 cm土层之间差异均不显著(P>0.05);(2)3种林分类型凋落物各分解层养分含量依次为TC>TN>TK>TP,且青海云杉-油松混交林的全磷含量和凋落物储量均显著高于纯林(P<0.05);(3)纯林各分解层C/N、C/P、N/P均大于青海云杉-油松混交林,未分解层C/N和C/P值显著大于(P<0.05)半分解层,N/P值均小于14,纯林的P养分利用效率显著大于青海云杉-油松混交林(P<0.05);(4)3种林分类型凋落物养分归还量在各分解层均表现为C>N>P归还量,且青海云杉-油松混交林高于纯林;(5)RDA表明,0~10 cm土层凋落物的未分解层磷含量(UP)、磷养分利用效率(UPNUE)、氮磷比(UN/P)、碳磷比(UC/P)和半分解层磷养分利用效率(SPNUE)、碳氮比(SC/N)对土壤养分含量变化作用明显,土壤养分含量与UP呈显著正相关(P<0.05),而与UPNUE呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。青海云杉-油松混交林比纯林在土壤养分积累以满足植物生长的养分需求方面更具优势,且N为3种林分的主要限制性元素,在N限制范围内纯林较青海云杉-油松混交林更易受磷元素含量的影响。

关键词: 森林凋落物, 土壤养分, 凋落物质量, 养分归还, 养分利用效率

Abstract:

The litter layer and soil layer are important carriers of material cycling and energy flow in forest ecosystems. Quantifying the characteristics of forest soil nutrients and their relationship with litter quality and nutrient utilization efficiency is crucial for understanding nutrient cycling in arid mountain forest ecosystems and evaluating productivity.This study focused on pure forests of Qinghai spruce, pure pine forests, and Qinghai spruce-pine mixed forests in the Luoshan National Nature Reserve in Ningxia. Based on plot surveys and measurements of soil and litter samples, redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to elucidate the relationship between soil nutrient characteristics of three typical forest stands and litter quality and nutrient utilization efficiency.(1) The nutrient content in the soil of the three typical forest stands was significantly higher in the 0-10 cm layer than in the 10-20 cm and 20-40 cm layers (P<0.05), with no significant difference between the 10-20 cm and 20-40 cm layers (P>0.05). (2) The nutrient content in the litter decomposition layers of the three forest types followed the order of total C>N>K>P, and the total phosphorus content and litter storage of the Qinghai spruce-pine mixed forest were significantly higher than those of the pure forests (P<0.05). (3) The C/N, C/P, and N/P ratios of litter in pure forests were all higher than those in the Qinghai spruce-pine mixed forest, with the C/N and C/P values in the undecomposed layer significantly higher than those in the semi-decomposed layer (P<0.05). The N/P values were all less than 14, and the phosphorus nutrient utilization efficiency in pure forests was significantly higher than that in the Qinghai spruce-pine mixed forest (P<0.05). (4) The return of nutrients from litter in the three forest types was in the order of C>N>P in each decomposition layer, and the Qinghai spruce-pine mixed forest was higher than the pure forests. (5) RDA showed that the phosphorus content in the undecomposed layer of litter (UP), phosphorus nutrient utilization efficiency (UPNUE), nitrogen-phosphorus ratio (UN/P), carbon-phosphorus ratio (UC/P), and phosphorus nutrient utilization efficiency in the semi-decomposed layer (SPNUE), carbon-nitrogen ratio (SC/N) of litter in the 0~10 cm soil layer had a significant effect on the change of soil nutrient content. Soil nutrient content was significantly positively correlated with UP (P<0.05), while significantly negatively correlated with UPNUE (P<0.05).The Qinghai spruce-pine mixed forest is more advantageous than pure forests in soil nutrient accumulation to meet the nutrient requirements of plant growth. Nitrogen is the main limiting element for the three forest types. Within the range of nitrogen limitation, pure forests are more susceptible to the influence of phosphorus content than Qinghai spruce-pine mixed forests.

Key words: forest litter, soil nutrients, litter quality, nutrient return, nutrient use efficiency

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