治沙模式对科尔沁沙地植被和生物土壤结皮的短期影响

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00100

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中国北方旱区是全球荒漠化治理的核心区域，寻求一种高效稳定的治沙模式，对推进北方旱区沙漠化土地可持续发展具有重要的科学意义和实际需求。本试验以科尔沁沙地为研究对象，在构建两种沙障类型（1 m×1 m作物秸秆和2 m×2 m灌木活体沙障）并配置3种植被建植模式（草本、灌木及草本+灌木混播）的基础上，分别接种藻结皮、藓结皮及藻+藓结皮，旨在明确不同治沙模式对科尔沁沙地植被特征和生物土壤结皮特性的影响。结果表明：种植当年，在不同沙障类型下，草本、灌木和草本+灌木种植方式下植被高度无差异；而生长1年后无沙障、作物秸秆沙障和灌木活体沙障类型下，草本群落种植方式植被高度显著高于灌木及草本+灌木混合种植方式。各沙障类型下对照（裸沙）的植被盖度为10%，而草本、灌木及其混合种植的盖度>50%。草本+灌木混合种植处理的香农-维纳指数、辛普森多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数均显著高于单一种植处理，说明与单一种植相比，多生活型组合能更有效提升植被多样性。作物秸秆沙障下草本、灌木和草本+灌木的根系生物量显著高于无沙障和灌木活体沙障，且灌木活体沙障下根系生物量最低。裸沙小区中外源结皮的添加显著提升生物土壤结皮盖度，而各处理对结皮厚度无影响。综上，设置1 m×1 m的作物秸秆沙障，搭配草本+灌木混合播种，并接种生物土壤结皮，是短期内沙化草地理想的生态恢复模式。

关键词: 半干旱区, 沙漠化土地, 恢复措施, 生物土壤结皮, 植被特征

Abstract:

The northern arid regions of China， as a core area for global desertification control， have significant scientific importance and practical demand for exploring an efficient and stable sand control mode to advance the sustainable management of desertified land in arid areas. This study， focusing on the Horqin Sandy Land， constructs a composite system of two types of sand barriers （1 m×1 m crop straw sand barriers and 2 m×2 m shrub live sand barriers） and three vegetation establishment models （herbaceous monoculture， shrub monoculture， and herbaceous + shrub mixed planting）， and inoculates them with algal crusts， moss crusts， and mixed algal + moss crusts， aiming to clarify the impact of different sand control mode on the vegetation characteristics and the development of biological soil crusts in the Horqin Sandy Land. The results show that in 2022， there were no significant differences in plant height among herbaceous， shrub， and herbaceous + shrub planting methods under different types of sand barriers； however， in 2023， the average height of herbaceous communities significantly exceeded that of shrub and herbaceous + shrub mixed planting communities under no sand barrier， crop straw sand barrier， and shrub live sand barrier configurations. This indicates that the duration of vegetation restoration and the type of vegetation planting significantly affect community height. The vegetation coverage under each type of sand barrier control （bare sand） was about 10%， while the average coverage of herbaceous， shrub， and their mixed plantings reached over 50%. Further analysis revealed that the Shannon-Wiener index， Simpson's diversity index， and Pielou's evenness index of the herbaceous + shrub mixed planting treatment were significantly higher than those of the single planting treatments， indicating that compared to single-species communities， multi-species combinations can more effectively enhance ecosystem diversity. The root biomass of herbaceous， shrub， and herbaceous + shrub under crop straw sand barriers was significantly higher than that under no sand barrier and shrub live sand barriers， with the lowest underground biomass under shrub live sand barriers， possibly due to the competition for soil nutrients between shrub live bodies and planted vegetation， affecting the growth of plant roots. Therefore， in terms of sand barrier setting， crop straw sand barriers are relatively ideal types of sand barriers in the process of desertified land restoration. The addition of exogenous crusts in the control plots significantly increased the coverage of biological crusts， while all treatments had no significant effect on crust thickness. This study proposes a herbaceous + shrub mixed planting model based on 1 m×1 m crop straw sand barriers， supplemented with biological soil crust inoculation technology， which can provide an optimized plan for the short-term ecological restoration of the Horqin Sandy Land.

Key words: semi-arid regions, desertified land, restoration measures, biological soil crusts, vegetation characteristics

中图分类号:

牟晓明, 黑婷, 贾荣亮, 王旭洋, 陈国鹏, 李玉强. 治沙模式对科尔沁沙地植被和生物土壤结皮的短期影响[J]. 中国沙漠, 2025, 45(4): 118-129.

Xiaoming Mou, Ting Hei, Rongliang Jia, Xuyang Wang, Guopeng Chen, Yuqiang Li. Impact of different sand control mode on vegetation and biological soil crust in the Horqin Sandy Land[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2025, 45(4): 118-129.

图/表 7

图1 试验设计示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of experimental design

图2 不同治沙模式对植被高度、盖度及植物个体数的影响注：不同字母表示差异显著，P<0.05

Fig.2 Impact of different sand control mode on vegetation height， cover， and individual plant count

图3 不同治沙模式对植被多样性的影响注：不同字母表示差异显著，P<0.05

Fig.3 Impact of different sand control mode on vegetation diversity

图4 不同治沙模式对植被地上生物量、根系生物量和根冠比的影响注：不同字母表示差异显著，P<0.05

Fig.4 Impact of different sand control mode aboveground biomass， root biomass， and root-to-shoot ratio

图5 无沙障处理下生物结皮添加对藻结皮和藓结皮盖度和厚度的影响注：不同字母表示差异显著，P<0.05

Fig.5 Influence of biological crust addition on the coverage and thickness of algal and moss crusts under no sand barriers

图6 作物秸秆沙障处理下生物结皮添加对藻结皮和藓结皮盖度和厚度的影响注：不同字母表示差异显著，P<0.05

Fig.6 Influence of biological crust addition on the coverage and thickness of algal and moss crusts under crop straw sand barriers

图7 灌木活体沙障处理下生物结皮添加对藻结皮和藓结皮盖度和厚度的影响注：不同字母表示差异显著，P<0.05

Fig.7 Influence of biological crust addition on the coverage and thickness of algal and moss crusts under shrub living sand barriers

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