Calculation method of maize residue coverage in Naiman Banner and its influence on the calculation of soil wind erosion rate

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00095

Journal of Desert Research ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 241-252.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00095

Calculation method of maize residue coverage in Naiman Banner and its influence on the calculation of soil wind erosion rate

Feixiang Wang¹(), Tianle Zhen¹, Jifeng Li¹^,²(), Huiru Li¹^,³, Zhongling Guo¹^,³, Chunping Chang¹^,², Xialei Zhang¹, Kaixin Yu¹

^1.School of Geographic Sciences /, Hebei Normal University，Shijiazhuang 050024，China
^2.Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Remote Sensing Identification of Environmental Change /, Hebei Normal University，Shijiazhuang 050024，China
^3.Hebei Laboratory of Environmental Evolution and Ecological Construction, Hebei Normal University，Shijiazhuang 050024，China

Received:2025-05-12 Revised:2025-06-13 Online:2025-07-20 Published:2025-08-18
Contact: Jifeng Li

Abstract

Abstract:

Crop residues can effectively restrain the occurrence of soil erosion in farmland， and obtaining accurate crop residue coverage is the key to improving the accuracy of soil erosion calculation. Taking the Maize residue coverage farmland in Naiman Banner as the research object， a Maize residue coverage calculation model was constructed using field-measured hyperspectral data and coverage data of Maize residue， combined with Sentinel-2 multispectral data. The spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of Maize Residue Coverage （FVC） during the wind erosion season from 2018 to 2022 （October to May of the following year） in the study area were analyzed. The impact of FVC calculation method on the calculation of soil erosion rate in farmland was evaluated by modifying the Revised Wind Erosion Equation （RWEQ）. The results showed that：（1） The correlation between FVC in the study area and the cellulose absorption index （CAI） inverted from three-band high-reflectance spectra （2 190 nm， 740 nm， 443 nm）. The FVC calculation model was constructed corresponding to the B₁₂， B₆， and B₁ bands of Sentinel-2A： FVC= 1.344CAI-0.07， R²=0.77. （2）The FVC in the study area is approximately 19.3%， FVC calculated based on CAI can better reflect the true situation of Maize residue coverage than the FVC calculated based on the Normalized Vegetation Index （NDVI）， which significantly underestimates FVC. The average annual FVC based on CAI is about 1.47 times that of FVC based on NDVI. （3） The average wind erosion rate in the study area is about 6.702 t·hm^-2. The wind erosion rate calculated based on CAI is closer to the wind erosion observation results， and the wind erosion rate calculated based on NDVI is significantly overestimated by about 0.55 times. （4）The wind erosion of farmland soil in the research area is mainly concentrated in April and May， with slight and mild erosion in the southern and northern parts， and strong and extremely strong erosion in the central and northern edges.

Key words: Naiman Banner, cellulose absorption index, hyperspectral, maize residue cover, soil wind erosion

CLC Number:

Feixiang Wang, Tianle Zhen, Jifeng Li, Huiru Li, Zhongling Guo, Chunping Chang, Xialei Zhang, Kaixin Yu. Calculation method of maize residue coverage in Naiman Banner and its influence on the calculation of soil wind erosion rate[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2025, 45(4): 241-252.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig.1 Study area location and distribution of sample points （A）， and photos of field data acquisition scene （B）， and different corn residue coverage （C）

Fig.2 Spectral reflectance （A） and its first-order differential （B） curves of soil and maize residue with different coverage levels

Table 1 Different maize spectral indices and calculation formulas

光谱指数	简称	计算公式
归一化差值指数^[26]	NDI₁	$N D V 1 = λ i - λ j λ i + λ j$
比值指数^[27]	RI	$R I = λ i λ j$
归一化木质素指数^[28]	NDI₂	$N L D 2 = l g 1 λ i - l g 1 λ j l g 1 λ i + l g 1 λ j$
干枯燃料指数^[29]	DFI	$D F I = 100 × (1 - λ i / λ j) / λ k$
纤维素吸收指数^[30]	CAI	$C A I = 0.5 × (λ i + λ j) - λ k$

Table 1 Different maize spectral indices and calculation formulas

光谱指数	简称	计算公式
归一化差值指数^[26]	NDI₁	$N D V 1 = λ i - λ j λ i + λ j$
比值指数^[27]	RI	$R I = λ i λ j$
归一化木质素指数^[28]	NDI₂	$N L D 2 = l g 1 λ i - l g 1 λ j l g 1 λ i + l g 1 λ j$
干枯燃料指数^[29]	DFI	$D F I = 100 × (1 - λ i / λ j) / λ k$
纤维素吸收指数^[30]	CAI	$C A I = 0.5 × (λ i + λ j) - λ k$

Fig.3 Correlation matrix between different spectral indices and maize residue coverage

Table 2 Regression analysis of Sentinel-2A spectral index and maize residue coverage

光谱指数	基于Sentinel-2A影像的指数计算公式	回归方程	n	R²	RMSE/%
NDI₁	NDI₁= $B 10 - B 8 a B 10 + B 8 a$	FVC=-0.0024NDI₁+0.1489	36	0.54	8.08
RI	RI= $B 12 B 4$	FVC=0.4418RI+93.319	36	0.52	8.24
NDI₂	$N D I 2 = l g 1 B 10 - l g 1 B 9 l g 1 B 10 + l g 1 B 9$	FVC=0.0031NDI₂-0.1244	36	0.50	8.45
DFI	DFI=100 $×$ (1-B₁₂/B₄)/B₈	FVC=0.097DFI+47.154	36	0.47	8.64
CAI	CAI=0.5 $×$ (B₁₂+B₁)-B₆	FVC=1.344CAI-0.07	36	0.77	5.77

Table 2 Regression analysis of Sentinel-2A spectral index and maize residue coverage

光谱指数	基于Sentinel-2A影像的指数计算公式	回归方程	n	R²	RMSE/%
NDI₁	NDI₁= $B 10 - B 8 a B 10 + B 8 a$	FVC=-0.0024NDI₁+0.1489	36	0.54	8.08
RI	RI= $B 12 B 4$	FVC=0.4418RI+93.319	36	0.52	8.24
NDI₂	$N D I 2 = l g 1 B 10 - l g 1 B 9 l g 1 B 10 + l g 1 B 9$	FVC=0.0031NDI₂-0.1244	36	0.50	8.45
DFI	DFI=100 $×$ (1-B₁₂/B₄)/B₈	FVC=0.097DFI+47.154	36	0.47	8.64
CAI	CAI=0.5 $×$ (B₁₂+B₁)-B₆	FVC=1.344CAI-0.07	36	0.77	5.77

Fig.4 Comparison between the calculation results of maize residue indices and the field measured results

Fig.5 Monthly maize residue coverage in the wind erosion season of 2018-2022

Fig.6 Monthly spatial distribution of maize residue coverage in the wind erosion season of 2018-2022

Fig.7 Monthly soil wind erosion rate in the wind erosion season of 2018-2022

Fig.8 Monthly spatial distribution of soil wind erosion rate in the wind erosion season of 2018-2022

Fig.9 Monthly average maize residue coverage calculated by two different indices in the wind erosion season of 2018-2022

Fig.10 Monthly distribution of soil wind erosion rate calculated by two different maize residue coverage in the wind erosion season of 2018-2022

Fig.11 Differences in spatial distribution of monthly soil wind erosion rate calculated by two different maize residue coverage in the wind erosion season of 2018-2022

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Calculation method of maize residue coverage in Naiman Banner and its influence on the calculation of soil wind erosion rate

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