Temporal variation and spatial pattern of soil erosion in the Yellow River Basin

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2023.00062

Journal of Desert Research ›› 2023, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (3): 305-317.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2023.00062

Temporal variation and spatial pattern of soil erosion in the Yellow River Basin

Wenfeng Chi¹(), Yuetian Wang¹, Xiaohong Dang², Xiaoguang Wu³^,⁴, Qiancheng Luo¹()

^1.College of Resources and Environmental Economics / Academician Expert Workstation for the Coordinated Development of Resources Utilization and Environmental Protection in Northern Xinjiang，Inner Mongolia University of Finance and Economics，Hohhot 010070，China
^2.Baotou Forestry and Grassland Bureau，Baotou 014030，Inner Mongolia，China
^3.Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Institute of Land and Spatial Planning，Hohhot 010010，China
^4.Land Reserve Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region，Hohhot 010041，China

Received:2023-03-12 Revised:2023-05-11 Online:2023-05-20 Published:2023-05-31
Contact: Qiancheng Luo

Abstract

Abstract:

The soil erosion in China was characterized by various types and complicated processes. It is of great significance to accurately quantify the temporal variation and spatial patterns of soil wind erosion and water erosion intensity in watersheds， to identify regional dominant erosion types for reasonable arrangement of soil and water conservation measures. This study quantified the temporal and spatial patterns and evolution of soil wind erosion and water erosion intensity in the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2020 combined remote sensing monitoring， field survey， and model simulation， revealed soil erosion type area， and its significance to zoning control of soil erosion. The results showed that：（1） The intensity of soil wind erosion and water erosion in the region showed a downward trend as a whole， while the wind erosion and water erosion showed a fluctuation and continuous decrease， respectively. In the past 20 years， the modulus of soil wind erosion and soil water erosion have respectively decreased at a rate of 18.88 t·km^-2·a^-1 and 34.98 t·km^-2·a^-1. （2） The type zones dominated by soil wind erosion and soil water erosion accounted for 16.35% and 83.65% of the total land area of the region， respectively， and the overall performance of soil erosion type zoning from north to south was the transition from soil wind erosion to water erosion. The areas dominated by soil wind erosion were distributed in the upper reaches of the main stream of the Yellow River and the Ordos inland flow area， accounting for 41.53% and 28.57% of the area of soil wind erosion area， respectively. Moderate erosion intensity of soil wind erosion accounted for the largest proportion， 24.72%. The areas dominated by soil water erosion were distributed in the middle reaches of the Yellow River （25.04%）， the Wei River-Yiluo River system （22.06%）， the source water system of the Yellow River （18.60%）， the upper reaches of the Yellow River （15.49%）， Huangshui-Taohe River System （13.35%）. Soil water erosion was mainly micro-erosion intensity， accounting for 49.30% of the soil water erosion area， and light （17.28%）， moderate （14.98%） and strong erosion intensity （11.95%） were widely staggered. （3） Desertification control project and soil and water conservation engineering made soil erosion modulus and erosion intensity decrease significantly in areas with strong wind and water erosion. According to the zoning characteristics of soil erosion types， the measures of vegetation restoration and agricultural oases in the soil wind erosion area were discussed. Agricultural cultivation measures， forest and grass measures and engineering measures are used to protect and control soil water erosion areas， in order to provide scientific guidance for the high-quality development of the ecosystem in the Yellow River Basin.

Key words: soil wind erosion, soil water erosion, spatio-temporal evolution, dominant erosion type, Yellow River Basin

CLC Number:

S157

Wenfeng Chi, Yuetian Wang, Xiaohong Dang, Xiaoguang Wu, Qiancheng Luo. Temporal variation and spatial pattern of soil erosion in the Yellow River Basin[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2023, 43(3): 305-317.

Figures/Tables 10

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数据类型	空间分辨率/比例尺	时间分辨率	格式
遥感影像	2~15 m	年	Raster
土地利用/覆盖数据	1∶10万	年	shpfile
气象数据	监测站点（311个）	日	Txt
植被覆盖度（NDVI）数据	250 m	8 d	Raster
土壤类型（含养分）数据	1∶100万	N/A	shpfile
雪覆盖数据	1 km	16 d	Raster
植被覆盖度样方数据	样点	2010、2015、2020年	shpfile
土壤表层/剖面样点数据	样点	2010、2015、2020年	shpfile
数字高程（DEM）数据	30 m	N/A	Raster
基础地理数据	1∶25万	N/A	shpfile
地貌类型数据	1∶25万	N/A	shpfile

数据类型	空间分辨率/比例尺	时间分辨率	格式
遥感影像	2~15 m	年	Raster
土地利用/覆盖数据	1∶10万	年	shpfile
气象数据	监测站点（311个）	日	Txt
植被覆盖度（NDVI）数据	250 m	8 d	Raster
土壤类型（含养分）数据	1∶100万	N/A	shpfile
雪覆盖数据	1 km	16 d	Raster
植被覆盖度样方数据	样点	2010、2015、2020年	shpfile
土壤表层/剖面样点数据	样点	2010、2015、2020年	shpfile
数字高程（DEM）数据	30 m	N/A	Raster
基础地理数据	1∶25万	N/A	shpfile
地貌类型数据	1∶25万	N/A	shpfile

分级	平均侵蚀模数/（t·km^-2·a^-1）	土壤风蚀与水蚀主导区判断规则
1 微度侵蚀	<200	土壤风蚀和水蚀模数< 200 t·km^-2·a^-1叠加，风、水蚀均可
2轻度侵蚀	200~2 500	土壤风蚀和水蚀模数200~2 500 t·km^-2·a^-1叠加，大者赋主导类型（例如；风蚀模数≥水蚀模数，赋值为风蚀轻度侵蚀区；否则反之，以下分级分类标准一致）
3 中度侵蚀	2 500~5 000	土壤风蚀和水蚀模数2 500~5 000 t·km^-2·a^-1叠加，值大者赋主导类型
4 强烈侵蚀	5 000~8 000	土壤风蚀和水蚀模数5 000~8 000 t·km^-2·a^-1叠加，值大者赋主导类型
5 极强烈侵蚀	8 000~15 000	土壤风蚀和水蚀模数8 000~15 000 t·km^-2·a^-1叠加，值大者赋主导类型
6 剧烈侵蚀	≥15 000	土壤风蚀和水蚀模数≥15 000 t·km^-2·a^-1叠加，值大者赋主导类型

分级	平均侵蚀模数/（t·km^-2·a^-1）	土壤风蚀与水蚀主导区判断规则
1 微度侵蚀	<200	土壤风蚀和水蚀模数< 200 t·km^-2·a^-1叠加，风、水蚀均可
2轻度侵蚀	200~2 500	土壤风蚀和水蚀模数200~2 500 t·km^-2·a^-1叠加，大者赋主导类型（例如；风蚀模数≥水蚀模数，赋值为风蚀轻度侵蚀区；否则反之，以下分级分类标准一致）
3 中度侵蚀	2 500~5 000	土壤风蚀和水蚀模数2 500~5 000 t·km^-2·a^-1叠加，值大者赋主导类型
4 强烈侵蚀	5 000~8 000	土壤风蚀和水蚀模数5 000~8 000 t·km^-2·a^-1叠加，值大者赋主导类型
5 极强烈侵蚀	8 000~15 000	土壤风蚀和水蚀模数8 000~15 000 t·km^-2·a^-1叠加，值大者赋主导类型
6 剧烈侵蚀	≥15 000	土壤风蚀和水蚀模数≥15 000 t·km^-2·a^-1叠加，值大者赋主导类型

侵蚀类型分区	侵蚀强度	鄂尔多斯内流区	黄河干流上游水系	黄河源头水系	湟水-洮河水系	黄河下游水系	黄河中游水系	渭河-伊洛河水系
土壤风蚀	微度	8 887.45	7 886.54	5 936.91	0.20	80.33	2 681.95	0.00
	轻度	7 914.29	13 674.17	731.95	0.00	0.00	3 696.64	5.67
	中度	7 774.61	16 142.45	4 049.34	0.00	0.00	4 935.66	0.15
	强烈	4 467.64	7 006.11	114.08	4.08	0.00	6 620.02	0.00
	极强烈	3 916.47	3 910.87	3 215.53	42.54	0.00	3 060.93	0.00
	剧烈	5 064.67	6 654.55	40.82	0.00	0.00	45 94.53	0.00
土壤水蚀	微度	3 273.58	43 589.34	90 601.16	50 252.26	22 497.93	67 883.22	57 601.50
	轻度	1 172.81	24 995.75	25 000.09	17 936.13	715.75	20 749.71	27 131.17
	中度	1 777.32	20 317.38	10 531.54	12 591.47	2 532.20	25 982.12	28 285.32
	强烈	394.92	14 102.67	310.35	7 420.71	779.23	24 913.39	33 480.99
	极强烈	56.37	2 423.80	67.01	2 451.98	81.65	13 704.85	4 807.01
	剧烈	191.81	81.83	138.38	271.73	12.72	17 263.30	2 576.10

Temporal variation and spatial pattern of soil erosion in the Yellow River Basin

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