沙埋对科尔沁沙地两种主要作物存活的影响及其光合生理响应

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2016.00115

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了解沙埋对农作物存活、产量的影响及其光合生理响应特征，在内蒙古科尔沁沙地研究了玉米（Zea mays）和绿豆（Vigna radiata）在不同沙埋深度下第5、10、15天的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率的变化，并于作物生长末期对其存活率及产量进行了测定。结果表明：（1）玉米较绿豆具有较强的耐沙埋能力，埋深等于株高时绿豆全部死亡，玉米仍有12.5%的存活率；（2）埋深超过株高的25%后，玉米和绿豆的产量均显著下降，但玉米的下降幅度明显小于绿豆；（3）随着沙埋胁迫的加剧，两种植物的净光合速率下降，表明沙埋胁迫对植物的光合作用破坏很大。但相比于绿豆，玉米对于沙埋胁迫有着更好的光合适应机理，随着胁迫的时间增加，其净光合速率有所恢复。且可以通过降低蒸腾速率和提高水分利用效率来适应沙埋胁迫。

关键词: 科尔沁沙地, 沙埋, 农作物, 产量, 光合生理

Abstract: In order to understand the effects of sand burial on survival,yield and the photosynthetic response of two main crops in the Horqin Sand Land,net photosynthetic rates,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate and water use efficiency of maize (Zea mays) and green bean (Vigna radiata) in different sand burial depths were studied after they were buried 5,10,15 days,survival rate and yield were recorded at the end of the growing period.The results show that:(1) compared to green bean,maize has stronger ability to resist sand burial.12.5% of maize seedlings can survived after burial depth exceeds their plant height,while no seedlings of green bean survived after the burial depth reached to 100% of its seedling height;(2) after the burial depth increased to 25% of seedling height,yield of both maize and green bean decreased,however,the green bean decreased much more than the maize;(3) net photosynthetic rates of two species decreased sharply with increased burial depth,indicating that sand burial was very harmful to the photosynthetic system of plants.However,compared to green bean,maize has better photosynthetic adaptation to sand burial stress by taking stomata closure,decreasing the transpiration rate,increasing the water use efficiency and recovering the net photosynthetic rate to a certain extent when the burial depth and time increased.

Key words: Horqin Sandy Land, sand burial, crops, yield, photosynthesis characteristics

中图分类号:

Q945.79

曲浩, 赵哈林, 石永强, 高宝兰, 李莹, 姬明飞, 乌仁高娃, 李英. 沙埋对科尔沁沙地两种主要作物存活的影响及其光合生理响应[J]. 中国沙漠, 2017, 37(4): 698-704.

Qu Hao, Zhao Halin, Shi Yongqiang, Gao Baolan, Li Ying, Ji Mingfei, Wurengaowa, Li Ying. Effects of Sand Burial on Survival and Photosynthesis Characteristics of Two Main Crops in Horqin Sandy Land[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2017, 37(4): 698-704.

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