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中国沙漠 ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (6): 195-206.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2024.00075

• • 上一篇    下一篇

基于多源观测数据的强沙尘天气过程诊断

王悦1(), 衣娜娜2(), 姜学恭3, 宁贵财1, 苏练1, 夏海云1()   

  1. 1.南京信息工程大学 大气物理学院,江苏 南京 210044
    2.内蒙古自治区人工影响天气中心,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010000
    3.内蒙古自治区气象台,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010000
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-26 修回日期:2024-08-28 出版日期:2024-11-20 发布日期:2024-12-06
  • 通讯作者: 衣娜娜,夏海云
  • 作者简介:夏海云(E-mail: 003333@nuist.edu.cn
    衣娜娜(E-mail: yinndongzhl@163.com
    王悦(2000—),女,宁夏灵武人,硕士研究生,研究方向为激光雷达遥感与应用。E-mail: 202212050001@nuist.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2021MS04026)

Diagnosis of severe dust weather process based on multi-source observational data

Yue Wang1(), Nana Yi2(), Xuegong Jiang3, Guicai Ning1, Lian Su1, Haiyun Xia1()   

  1. 1.School of Atmospheric Physics,Nanjing University of Information Science Technology,Nanjing 210044,China
    2.Inner Mongolia Weather Modification Center,Hohhot 010000,China
    3.Inner Mongolia Meteorological Observatory,Hohhot 010000,China
  • Received:2024-04-26 Revised:2024-08-28 Online:2024-11-20 Published:2024-12-06
  • Contact: Nana Yi,Haiyun Xia

摘要:

利用激光雷达垂直观测、大气污染和气象常规观测、卫星观测及再分析等多源数据,结合后向轨迹模拟和天气学诊断等方法分析了2023年3月21─23日发生在中国北方地区的一次强沙尘过程结构特征并探究了其演变机制。结果表明:此次事件在蒙古气旋的影响下自西北向东南地区扩散,途经巴彦淖尔市—呼和浩特市—张家口市,最终抵达北京市。期间,北京市PM10浓度峰值1 667 μg?m-3,显著小于其邻近上风向张家口市的峰值浓度(9 993 μg?m-3)。沙尘越过张家口后受燕山阻挡,浓度显著衰减,后向轨迹结果表明,受气旋前部西南气流作用,部分沙尘离开张家口后沿东北路径传输至东北。沙尘事件垂直结构表明,北京上空沙尘传输高度可达6 000 m,且对流层垂直运动呈三明治结构,即近地面~920 hPa下沉、920~700 hPa上升、650~450 hPa下沉。上述三明治结构不利于沙尘在北京地区沉降,是北京沙尘浓度偏低的关键原因。沙尘事件时间演变特征表明,北京雷达数据反演后向散射系数快速升高后缓慢降低,同时PM2.5/PM10比值从0.73降至0.18。

关键词: 沙尘路径, 垂直结构, 北京市, 气象因子, 激光雷达

Abstract:

Study utilized multi-source data including vertical observations from lidar, conventional atmospheric pollution, meteorological observations, satellite observations, and reanalysis data, combined with backward trajectory simulations and weather diagnostic analyses to investigate the structural characteristics and evolution mechanisms of a severe dust event occurring in northern China from March 21st to 23rd, 2023. The results indicate that under the influence of Mongolian cyclones, the event spread from northwest to southeast, passing through Bayannur City, Hohhot City, and Zhangjiakou City before reaching Beijing. During this period, the peak PM10 concentration in Beijing reached 1 667 μg?m-3, significantly lower than the peak concentration in its upstream neighbor, Zhangjiakou City (9 993 μg?m-3). The reasons for this can be attributed to the significant attenuation of dust concentration after passing through Zhangjiakou due to the obstruction of the Yan Mountains. Furthermore, backward trajectory results indicate that some dust particles were transported northeastward after leaving Zhangjiakou, influenced by the southwest airflow ahead of the cyclone's front. The vertical structure of the dust event shows that dust transport heights over Beijing can reach 6 000 m. The vertical movement of the troposphere is a sandwich-like structure, characterized by subsidence from near the surface to 920 hPa, ascent from 920 hPa to 700 hPa, and subsidence again from 650 hPa to 450 hPa. This sandwich-like structure is not conducive to dust settling in Beijing area, which is the key reasons for the low dust concentration in Beijing. The temporal evolution of the dust event indicates a rapid increase followed by a slow decrease in the backscattering coefficient derived from Beijing lidar data, while the PM2.5/PM10 ratio decreased from 0.73 to 0.18.

Key words: dust trajectory, vertical distribution, Beijing City, meteorological factors, lidar

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