辽宁西部地区的气候变化及干湿状况年代际变化特征

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 辽宁西部(简称辽西)是气候及生态环境脆弱区,因其特殊性使之成为相关科研人员关注的焦点,在全球气候变暖背景下增温显著的辽西地区气候及地表干湿气候界线如何变化是本文研究的问题。应用1961—2004年辽宁省内52个气象站的温度、降水、湿度、风、日照等气候资料,分析了辽西近50 a来的气候变化特点,采用改进的Penman模型计算潜在蒸发量,讨论了其时空代表性及分布特征；进一步计算了干燥度指数,并在10 a代际尺度上详细分析了辽西干湿气候变化特征。研究表明:辽西地区近44 a的总体气候变化趋势是气温升高、降水减少。20世纪60年代以来该区域干湿气候界线波动显著,呈现出整体移动、南北异相波动的特征。干湿气候年代际变化特征为60年代最湿润；70年代北部明显变干,南部不明显；80年代干湿气候存在一次突变,半干旱与半湿润界线明显东移,为最干期；90年代又跳跃性西移,明显变湿,尤其在北部表现更为显著,接近60年代。辽西的气候干湿年代际变化与西太平洋副热带高压和东南季风波动有较好的对应关系。

关键词: 辽宁西部, 气候变化, 干湿状况, 年代际波动

Abstract: Western Liaoning Province is the frailty area of ecological environment and climate, which made it the hotspot. In this paper we have studied the changes on climate of western Liaoning Province and the dry-wet climate boundary shifting under the background of global warming. Based on the temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind, and solar radiation data of the 52 stations in Liaoning Province during 1961\_2004, the potential evapotranspiration was calculated using the integrated Penman formula, and its temporal and spatial distribution was discussed. Furthermore, we have calculated the aridity index and analyzed the inter-decadal fluctuation of dry and wet climate. The results show that the climate boundary of dry and wet fluctuated markedly and differentiated greatly in this area over the past 44 years. The dry and wet climate had changed abruptly in 1990s. The boundary between semi-humid and humid moved towards East, but the boundary between semi-arid and semi-humid moved towards West. The dimensions of semi-arid and humid were shortened, and the dimensions of semi-humid were enlarged obviously. The status of dry and wet climate in the west of Liaoning Province was mainly controlled by West Pacific Subtropical High and Southeast Monsoon, whereas that in the east controlled by either these or the topography precipitation.

Key words: western Liaoning Province, climate change, dry and wet condition, inter-decadal fluctuation

中图分类号:

P467

孙凤华; 吴志坚; 李丽光. 辽宁西部地区的气候变化及干湿状况年代际变化特征[J]. 中国沙漠, 2006, 26(6): 969-975.

SUN Feng-hua;WU Zhi-jian;LI Li-guang. Climate Change and Inter-decadal Fluctuation of Dry and Wet Climate in Western Liaoning Province[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2006, 26(6): 969-975.

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