人类活动和气候变化对红碱淖植被覆盖变化的影响

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用GIMMS NDVI、SPOT VGT两种归一化植被指数(NDVI)数据和气候资料对红碱淖地区植被覆盖变化、气候变化进行了研究, 从气候变化和人类活动的角度分析了植被覆盖变化的原因。结果表明,1957—2007年期间红碱淖地区温度上升趋势显著，降水经历了由少许的增加转向减少的过程,进入了一个相对干旱气候态。1982—2007年期间红碱淖地区植被覆盖变化趋势是在波动中逐渐增加，大致经历了4个阶段：①1982—1988年植被覆盖持续增加；②1989—1998年小幅波动，相对稳定；③1999年植被覆盖迅速下降，1999—2001年维持较低值；④2002年快速增加到较高水平，2007年达最大值。气候变暖使春季生长季节提前、秋季生长期延长。春季的降水量对春季的植被覆盖影响明显，春夏之交降水量对NDVI的影响存在一个月的滞后现象。生长季的降水量变化趋势与植被覆盖的变化趋势相一致。夏季温度上升加速了地表蒸散发过程，同时降水具有减少的趋势，干旱对植被生长有抑制作用，夏季的植被覆盖却在显著增加。

关键词: 气候变化, 人类活动, 植被覆盖, NDVI, 红碱淖

Abstract: Hongjian Nur Lake is the biggest desert freshwater lake in China, and it also is the biggest propagation region and habitat of Larus relictus in the world. Inter-annual variation of vegetation coverage and its relationship with climate change in the region were examined by using the monthly GIMMS (Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies) and SPOT VEGETATION NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) data and local meteorological records. The results showed that the increasing trend of annual mean temperature was notable in 1957—2007, and the trend of rainfall underwent a variation from slightly increasing to decreasing. Vegetation coverage of the region was generally improved in 1982—2007 with fluctuations including four phases of (1) persistently increasing in 1982 1988, (2) relatively stable in 1989—1998, (3) relatively low in 1999—2001, and (4) rapidly increasing in 2003—2007. The growth season in spring was advanced, and that in autumn was prolonged because of climate warming. The spring NDVI showed positive correlation with the spring precipitation. The monthly precipitation was of a deferred effect on monthly NDVI in spring and summer. The NDVI trend was same as the precipitation trend in growth season. In summer, the transpiration was speeded up by climate warming, and the rainfall decreased, but the vegetation coverage evidently increased. These implied that the project of replacing farmland with meadow and forest was the important reason of vegetation coverage increasing. Vegetation coverage change was affected by synthesis of climate change and human activities.

Key words: climate change, human activities, vegetation, NDVI, Hongjian Nur Lake

中图分类号:

Q948.156

李登科;何慧娟;刘安麟. 人类活动和气候变化对红碱淖植被覆盖变化的影响[J]. 中国沙漠, 2010, 30(4): 831-836.

LI Deng-ke;HE Hui-juan;LIU An-lin. Impact of Human Activities and Climate Change on Vegetation around Hongjian Nur Lake in Northwestern China[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2010, 30(4): 831-836.

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