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中国沙漠 ›› 2011, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (1): 168-173.

• 生物土壤与生态 • 上一篇    下一篇

盐尘暴及其生态效应

刘东伟1,2, 吉力力·阿不都外力1*, 雷加强1, 武广洋1,2   

  1. (1.中国科学院 新疆生态与地理研究所, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011; 2.中国科学院 研究生院, 北京 100049)
  • 收稿日期:2010-09-03 修回日期:2010-10-20 出版日期:2011-01-20 发布日期:2011-01-20
  • 通讯作者: 吉力力·阿不都外力

Saline Dust Storm and Its Ecological Effects

LIU Dong-wei1,2, Jilili Abuduwaili1, LEI Jia-qiang1, WU Guang-yang1,2   

  1. (1.Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China; 2.Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)
  • Received:2010-09-03 Revised:2010-10-20 Online:2011-01-20 Published:2011-01-20
  • Contact: Jilili Abuduwaili

摘要: 总结了盐尘暴的概念及其一般特征,系统分析了盐尘暴的发生条件、分布、扩散沉积和生态效应。盐尘暴是由干旱、半干旱地区干涸湖底蒸发盐风蚀所致的一种化学尘暴;大面积松散富盐沉积物和频繁的大风天气是其发生的基本条件;盐尘暴扩散过程中沉积通量和化学组分随迁移距离表现出明显的分异规律;盐尘暴扩散导致干旱区“盐随风来”,致使土壤盐渍化,加剧冰雪消融,抑制植物叶片对营养元素的正常吸收。系统认识盐尘暴对干旱区灾害防治和生态建设具有重要指导意义。

关键词: 盐尘暴, 干涸湖底, 风蚀, 生态效应

Abstract: In many arid and semiarid regions, saline playas represent a Significance source of unconsolidated sediments available for aeolian transpot, and severe salt dust storms become frequent due to human disturbance. In this study, saline dust storms are systematically reviewed from the aspects of concept, characteristics, occurring conditions, distribution and ecological effects. The results reveal that saline dust storm is a kind of chemical dust storm rising from the dried-up lake bed in arid and semiarid regions; large area of unconsolidated salt-rich sediments (saline playa sediments) and frequent strong wind weather are the basic occurring conditions of saline dust storm; there are spatial differentiation characteristics in sediment flux and chemical composition of saline dust storm with diffusion distance; the diffusion of saline dust storms makes glaciers melting and results in soil salinization to some extent. To systematically understand saline dust storm is important to disaster prevention and ecological construction in arid and semiarid regions.

Key words: saline dust storm, playas, wind erosion, ecological effects

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