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中国沙漠 ›› 2012, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (5): 1328-1334.

• 生物与土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

准噶尔荒漠小山蒜的形态与生物量特征及其相互关系

陶 冶1,2, 张元明1*, 全永威3, 侯建秀3   

  1. 1.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 干旱区生物地理与生物资源重点实验室, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011;
    2.中国科学院研究生院, 北京 100049;
    3.新疆额尔齐斯河流域开发工程建设管理局, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830000
  • 收稿日期:2011-12-23 修回日期:2012-03-03 出版日期:2012-09-20 发布日期:2012-09-20

Morphology and Biomass Characteristics of Ephemeroid Plant Allium pallasii and Their Relationships in Junggar Basin, China

TAO Ye1, 2, ZHANG Yuan-ming1, QUAN Yong-wei3, HOU Jian-xiu3   

  1. 1.Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China;
    2.Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
    3.Construction and Management Bureau for Irtysh River Basin Development Engineering in Xinjiang, Urumqi 830000, China
  • Received:2011-12-23 Revised:2012-03-03 Online:2012-09-20 Published:2012-09-20

摘要: 小山蒜(Allium pallasii)是中国新疆特有的类短命植物。调查了准噶尔荒漠16个20 m×20 m样地内小山蒜种群的分布概况,研究了小山蒜盛花期的生物学特征、器官生物量分配及其相互关系。结果表明:①小山蒜多生于沙丘中下部,密度为0.187株·m–2;平均株高为(22.93±5.15)cm,多为3片叶;花序近球形,平均半径(2.44±0.37)cm,纵断面角度211.39°±60.4°,表面积和体积分别为(50.95±34.19)cm2和(43.37±29.45)cm3。②其形态指标(平均叶长、4个花球指标及鳞茎直径)间、生物量指标(根生物量除外)间,及二者之间多为显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)正相关,协同生长关系较强。③小山蒜生物量分配呈鳞茎>花葶>花球>叶片>根的格局,根冠比为0.873,生殖分配占49.66%。④形态指标与生物量间均呈α<1的异速生长关系,而生物量指标间多为等速关系,其中地上、地下生物量间符合α=3/4的异速关系。⑤生物量估测表明,小山蒜单株地上生物量平均为0.312 g,单株地下生物量平均为0.264 g,种群总生物量密度仅为0.106 g·m-2,其生物量在整个荒漠生态系统中可忽略不计,但它作为准噶尔荒漠重要而独特的种质资源,应从多个方面深入研究,同时进行适当保护。

关键词: 小山蒜, 形态特征, 生物量, 异速生长, 类短命植物, 准噶尔荒漠

Abstract: Allium pallasii, an ephemeroid species, is widely distributed in Junggar Basin, China, and it plays a certain role in synusiae communities of the herbaceous plants in spring. The distribution of A. pallasii population in sixteen 20 m×20 m plots were surveyed by the method of whole plant excavation, and the biological characteristics, biomass allocation and their relationships were studied in this paper. Results indicate that (1) A. pallasii population is mostly distributed at the lower parts of sand dunes, and the population density is 0.187 individual per square meter; The mean shoot height is 22.93~5.15 cm, most of the individuals have 3 sheets of leaves; The inflorescence is nearly spherical, and the mean radius of the flowers is 2.44~0.37 cm, the mean angle of vertical section of the flowers is 211.39~60.4, and the surface area and volume of the flowers are 50.95~34.19 cm2 and 43.37~29.45 cm3, respectively. (2) There are markedly (P<0.05) or very markedly (P<0.01) positive correlations among morphological indices (mean leaf length, the four flower morphology indicators and the bulb diameter), among organ biomasses (except root biomass), and between morphological indices and organ biomasses of A. pallasii, indicating there existed evident cooperative growth relationships between the indices. (3) The organ biomass distribution order of A. pallasii is bulb>scape>flower>leaf>root, and the root/shoot ratio is 0.873, and the reproductive allocation ratio is 49.66%. (4) There are obviously allometric relationships between morphological indicators and organ biomasses with allometric exponents less then 1.0. The allometric exponents among organ biomasses are mostly close to 1.0, only the allometric exponent between aboveground and belowground biomass is 3/4. (5) The biomass measurement of A. pallasii samples showed that mean aboveground biomass of A. pallasii population is 0.312 g per individual, mean belowground biomass is 0.264 g per individual, and the total biomass density is only 1.06 g per square meter. It is founded that the ratio of A. pallasii biomass in the desert ecosystem is nearly negligible. However, as an important germplasm in Junggar basin, A. pallasii should be deeply studied on many aspects, and also should be protected properly.

Key words: Allium pallasii, morphological character, biomass, allometric growth, ephemeroid plant, the Junggar Desert

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