中国沙漠 ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (6): 126-137.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2021.00079
• • 上一篇
王亚妮1,2(), 胡宜刚1(), 王增如1, 李昌盛1,2
收稿日期:
2021-04-09
修回日期:
2021-06-29
出版日期:
2021-11-20
发布日期:
2021-12-17
通讯作者:
胡宜刚
作者简介:
胡宜刚(E-mail: huyig@lzb.ac.cn)基金资助:
Yani Wang1,2(), Yigang Hu1(), Zengru Wang1, Changsheng Li1,2
Received:
2021-04-09
Revised:
2021-06-29
Online:
2021-11-20
Published:
2021-12-17
Contact:
Yigang Hu
摘要:
近年来,以对天然荒漠进行开垦和耕作为标志的人类活动加速了中国西北干旱荒漠区的绿洲化进程,但这种土地利用方式的改变对干旱荒漠土壤微生物群落特征的影响及其机理尚不清楚。本研究利用qPCR和Illumina Miseq高通量扩增子测序技术对新疆阿拉尔绿洲开垦5年的棉花田(FS)和毗邻的天然荒漠(ND)的土壤细菌、古菌和真菌群落的生物量、多样性和群落结构进行了对比研究,揭示了驱动荒漠土壤微生物群落结构演变的主要因子。结果表明:(1)荒漠开垦为农田后,土壤细菌和真菌群落的生物量显著增加,而古菌群落生物量显著降低;细菌群落多样性明显提高,古菌群落的Shannon多样性指数显著降低,而真菌群落多样性没有显著变化。(2)盐渍化荒漠具有不同于其他干旱荒漠的土壤微生物群落结构,开垦显著改变了其土壤细菌、古菌和真菌的群落结构。其中,放线菌门、绿弯菌门、酸杆菌门、螺旋体菌门和浮霉菌门细菌、乌斯古菌门和芽枝霉门真菌的相对丰度显著增加,而盐纳古菌门的相对丰度则显著降低。(3)土壤电导率(EC)、总有机碳(TOC)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)是影响细菌群落结构的关键因子;古菌群落结构的主要影响因子为植被盖度、地上生物量和丰富度、TP和AP;EC是影响真菌群落结构的关键因子。综上所述,盐渍化荒漠开垦后由于其原生植被群落、化学肥料的使用和土壤属性(EC、TP和AP)的改变不同程度地改变了荒漠土壤微生物群落特征。相对而言,细菌群落对土地利用方式的改变响应最为敏感,而古菌和真菌群落的多样性和结构则保持相对稳定。
中图分类号:
王亚妮, 胡宜刚, 王增如, 李昌盛. 开垦对阿拉尔绿洲盐渍化荒漠土壤微生物群落的影响[J]. 中国沙漠, 2021, 41(6): 126-137.
Yani Wang, Yigang Hu, Zengru Wang, Changsheng Li. Impacts of reclamation on salinization desert soil microbial community: a case study of Alar oasis[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2021, 41(6): 126-137.
指标 | 棉田FS | 荒漠ND |
---|---|---|
植被盖度/% | 97.3(0.7)a | 46.7(4.4)b |
地上生物量/(g·m-2) | 1973.2(99.1)a | 392.8(83.0)b |
物种丰富度 | 1(0)b | 3(0)a |
pH值 | 8.2(0.2) | 8.1(0.1) |
电导率/(μS·cm-1) | 18.3(2.2)b | 819.3(134.1)a |
土壤含水率/% | 13.0(2.1) | 10.5(1.6) |
土壤总有机碳/% | 2.1(0.07) | 2.0(0.02) |
土壤全氮/% | 0.02(0.001) | 0.03(0.001) |
土壤全磷/% | 0.9(0.02)a | 0.8(0.01)b |
土壤有效磷/(g·kg-1) | 25.6(4.03)a | 2.0(0.90)b |
土壤速效钾/(mg·kg-1) | 157.0(12.5) | 177.7(9.8) |
可溶性有机碳/(mg·kg-1) | 11.2(3.2) | 4.4(1.4) |
可溶性有机氮/(mg·kg-1) | 23.8(5.6) | 80.6(39.8) |
硝态氮/(mg·kg-1) | 8.8(3.6) | 8.1(2.0) |
氨态氮/(mg·kg-1) | 0.1(0.01) | 0.1(0.03) |
表1 农田和荒漠植被群落特征和土壤属性
Table 1 Vegetation community and soil properties of farmland and desert
指标 | 棉田FS | 荒漠ND |
---|---|---|
植被盖度/% | 97.3(0.7)a | 46.7(4.4)b |
地上生物量/(g·m-2) | 1973.2(99.1)a | 392.8(83.0)b |
物种丰富度 | 1(0)b | 3(0)a |
pH值 | 8.2(0.2) | 8.1(0.1) |
电导率/(μS·cm-1) | 18.3(2.2)b | 819.3(134.1)a |
土壤含水率/% | 13.0(2.1) | 10.5(1.6) |
土壤总有机碳/% | 2.1(0.07) | 2.0(0.02) |
土壤全氮/% | 0.02(0.001) | 0.03(0.001) |
土壤全磷/% | 0.9(0.02)a | 0.8(0.01)b |
土壤有效磷/(g·kg-1) | 25.6(4.03)a | 2.0(0.90)b |
土壤速效钾/(mg·kg-1) | 157.0(12.5) | 177.7(9.8) |
可溶性有机碳/(mg·kg-1) | 11.2(3.2) | 4.4(1.4) |
可溶性有机氮/(mg·kg-1) | 23.8(5.6) | 80.6(39.8) |
硝态氮/(mg·kg-1) | 8.8(3.6) | 8.1(2.0) |
氨态氮/(mg·kg-1) | 0.1(0.01) | 0.1(0.03) |
指数 | 细菌 | 古菌 | 真菌 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
荒漠ND | 棉田FS | 荒漠ND | 棉田FS | 荒漠ND | 棉田FS | |||
Richness | 345(176)b | 1331(46)a | 448(46) | 462(65) | 830(265) | 664(50) | ||
Shannon | 2.1(1.0)b | 5.5(0.05)a | 4.8(0.1)a | 3.8(0.2)b | 5.1(0.5) | 3.7(0.5) | ||
Simpson | 0.4(0.2) | 0.02(0.01) | 0.02(0.01) | 0.11(0.03) | 0.03(0.02) | 0.1(0.06) | ||
Ace | 392.6(193.6)b | 1527.1(35.3)a | 463.8(51.2) | 506.0(56.4) | 879.5(271.9) | 711.2(29.6) | ||
Chao1 | 385.0(193.7)b | 1518.6(30.2)a | 467.1(51.3) | 507.8(55.4) | 880.0(275.4) | 717.0(24.3) | ||
PD | 41.2(13.4)b | 112.6(3.5)a | 21.1(2.7) | 48.7(11.8) | 219.5(89.7) | 138.2(8.7) |
表2 土壤微生物类群多样性指数
Table 2 The diversity index of soil microbial communities
指数 | 细菌 | 古菌 | 真菌 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
荒漠ND | 棉田FS | 荒漠ND | 棉田FS | 荒漠ND | 棉田FS | |||
Richness | 345(176)b | 1331(46)a | 448(46) | 462(65) | 830(265) | 664(50) | ||
Shannon | 2.1(1.0)b | 5.5(0.05)a | 4.8(0.1)a | 3.8(0.2)b | 5.1(0.5) | 3.7(0.5) | ||
Simpson | 0.4(0.2) | 0.02(0.01) | 0.02(0.01) | 0.11(0.03) | 0.03(0.02) | 0.1(0.06) | ||
Ace | 392.6(193.6)b | 1527.1(35.3)a | 463.8(51.2) | 506.0(56.4) | 879.5(271.9) | 711.2(29.6) | ||
Chao1 | 385.0(193.7)b | 1518.6(30.2)a | 467.1(51.3) | 507.8(55.4) | 880.0(275.4) | 717.0(24.3) | ||
PD | 41.2(13.4)b | 112.6(3.5)a | 21.1(2.7) | 48.7(11.8) | 219.5(89.7) | 138.2(8.7) |
图2 土壤微生物OUT水平Venn图、NMDS分析和门水平相对丰度细菌:A、D、G;古菌:B、E、H;真菌:C、F、I
Fig.2 Venn plot and NMDS at the OUT level and relative abundance at the phylum level of different soil microbial communities (Bacteria: A, D and G; Archaea: B, E and H; Fungi: C, F and I)
指标 | 细菌 | 古菌 | 真菌 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
r值 | P值 | r值 | P值 | r值 | P值 | |||
植被盖度 | 0.481 | 0.075 | 0.871 | 0.004 | 0.375 | 0.098 | ||
地上生物量 | 0.446 | 0.057 | 0.807 | 0.011 | 0.352 | 0.067 | ||
物种丰富度 | 0.653 | 0.092 | 0.780 | 0.044 | 0.550 | 0.055 | ||
pH值 | 0.020 | 0.985 | 0.136 | 0.726 | 0.424 | 0.088 | ||
电导率 | -0.696 | 0.001 | 0.712 | 0.114 | -0.545 | 0.039 | ||
土壤含水率 | 0.151 | 0.661 | 0.040 | 0.879 | -0.237 | 0.604 | ||
土壤总有机碳 | 0.773 | 0.003 | 0.184 | 0.383 | 0.269 | 0.445 | ||
土壤全氮 | 0.714 | 0.018 | -0.161 | 0.410 | 0.224 | 0.550 | ||
土壤全磷 | 0.631 | 0.010 | 0.568 | 0.045 | 0.508 | 0.060 | ||
土壤有效磷 | 0.361 | 0.062 | 0.808 | 0.021 | 0.213 | 0.299 | ||
土壤速效钾 | 0.037 | 0.893 | 0.327 | 0.216 | 0.162 | 0.541 | ||
可溶性有机碳 | 0.008 | 0.983 | -0.007 | 0.989 | 0.028 | 0.970 | ||
可溶性有机氮 | -0.233 | 0.333 | 0.230 | 0.347 | -0.211 | 0.549 | ||
硝态氮 | 0.454 | 0.089 | -0.234 | 0.222 | -0.050 | 0.930 | ||
氨态氮 | -0.255 | 0.536 | 0.095 | 0.612 | -0.219 | 0.540 |
表3 土壤微生物群落与植被和土壤属性的Mantel tests分析
Table 3 Mantel tests for correlations of soil microbial communities with vegetation and soil properties
指标 | 细菌 | 古菌 | 真菌 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
r值 | P值 | r值 | P值 | r值 | P值 | |||
植被盖度 | 0.481 | 0.075 | 0.871 | 0.004 | 0.375 | 0.098 | ||
地上生物量 | 0.446 | 0.057 | 0.807 | 0.011 | 0.352 | 0.067 | ||
物种丰富度 | 0.653 | 0.092 | 0.780 | 0.044 | 0.550 | 0.055 | ||
pH值 | 0.020 | 0.985 | 0.136 | 0.726 | 0.424 | 0.088 | ||
电导率 | -0.696 | 0.001 | 0.712 | 0.114 | -0.545 | 0.039 | ||
土壤含水率 | 0.151 | 0.661 | 0.040 | 0.879 | -0.237 | 0.604 | ||
土壤总有机碳 | 0.773 | 0.003 | 0.184 | 0.383 | 0.269 | 0.445 | ||
土壤全氮 | 0.714 | 0.018 | -0.161 | 0.410 | 0.224 | 0.550 | ||
土壤全磷 | 0.631 | 0.010 | 0.568 | 0.045 | 0.508 | 0.060 | ||
土壤有效磷 | 0.361 | 0.062 | 0.808 | 0.021 | 0.213 | 0.299 | ||
土壤速效钾 | 0.037 | 0.893 | 0.327 | 0.216 | 0.162 | 0.541 | ||
可溶性有机碳 | 0.008 | 0.983 | -0.007 | 0.989 | 0.028 | 0.970 | ||
可溶性有机氮 | -0.233 | 0.333 | 0.230 | 0.347 | -0.211 | 0.549 | ||
硝态氮 | 0.454 | 0.089 | -0.234 | 0.222 | -0.050 | 0.930 | ||
氨态氮 | -0.255 | 0.536 | 0.095 | 0.612 | -0.219 | 0.540 |
图5 土壤微生物群落门水平相对丰度与植被和土壤属性相关性*,0.01<P≤0.05; **,0.001<P≤0.01; ***,P≤0.001
Fig.5 Correlations of relative abundance of soil microbial communities at the phylum level with vegetation and soil properties
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