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中国沙漠 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5): 181-193.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00102

• • 上一篇    

基于双维视角的黄河上游地区人口收缩特征及其影响因素

王录仓1,2(), 屈艳琦1   

  1. 1.西北师范大学,地理与环境科学学院,甘肃 兰州 730070
    2.西北师范大学,甘肃省绿洲资源环境与可持续发展重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-23 修回日期:2025-06-23 出版日期:2025-09-20 发布日期:2025-09-27
  • 作者简介:王录仓(1967—),男,甘肃天水人,教授,主要从事城乡发展与规划研究。E-mail: wanglc007@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(42371219);绿洲科学科研成果突破行动计划项目(NWNU-LZKX-202302)

Characteristics of population shrinking and influencing factors in the upper reaches of the Yellow River from a two-dimensional perspective

Lucang Wang1,2(), Yanqi Qu1   

  1. 1.College of Geography and Environmental Science /, Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China
    2.Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China
  • Received:2025-04-23 Revised:2025-06-23 Online:2025-09-20 Published:2025-09-27

摘要:

伴随着中国人口转型和流动性加大,人口收缩已成为新常态。然而在不同的边界条件下,收缩存在着相位差。基于双维(县域、县城)视角,以黄河上游地区159个县级行政单元(县、旗、市辖区、县级市)为研究单元,运用收缩度模型,探究了人口收缩的时空特征,并检视了影响因素。结果表明:(1)从单维度上考察,2001—2020年,共有89个(占55.6%)县域存在收缩现象,但以轻微收缩和长期稳定收缩为主。同期共有141个(占89.94%)县城出现过收缩,但以短期收缩和间断收缩为主,与县域收缩形成强烈反差。六盘山集中连片特困区、内蒙古相关地区是县域、县城收缩发生的主要地区,具有明显的空间锁定效应。(2)从双维度上考察,以单维收缩为主,其中县域收缩-县城增长占主导,说明县域人口流失的同时,县城聚集度在提升;双维收缩型(县域收缩-县城收缩)非常少,且往往和单维收缩型(县域收缩-县城增长)交替出现,既是县域长期稳定收缩累积的结果,也是县城对县域收缩大势“阻尼”的结果,是叠加在县域稳定收缩基础之上的间断性和短期性现象。(3)县域-县城人口收缩/扩张在空间上存在显著正相关,双维增长型区域指向城市群核心区(主要城市辖区县),双维收缩型区域指向集中连片特困区和内蒙古东部纯牧区。(4)人口收缩是人口学因素和社会经济因素共同驱动的结果,人均GDP、城乡居民收入水平是关键变量。双维视角下,黄河上游地区人口收缩普遍,但程度较轻,双维收缩仅仅是发生局部地区和时段的个别现象,但没有形成令人担忧的严重结果。

关键词: 双维视角, 人口收缩, 时空特征, 影响因素, 黄河上游地区

Abstract:

With the demographic transformation and increased mobility in China, population shrinking has emerged as a new norm. However, under varying boundary conditions, there exist phase differences in shrinking patterns. From a dual-dimensional perspective (county and county seat), this study investigates 160 counties (districts) in the upper reaches of the Yellow River as the research unit. Using the shrinking degree model, it explores the spatiotemporal characteristics of population shrinking and examines the influencing factors. The findings reveal that: (1)From a single-dimensional perspective, between 2001 and 2020, 89 counties (55.6%) experienced shrinking phenomena, predominantly mild or long-term stable shrinking. During the same period, 141 counties (89.94%) exhibited shrinking, primarily characterized by short-term and intermittent shrinking, which contrasts sharply with the shrinking observed at the county level. The Liupan Mountain contiguous poverty-stricken area and the eastern part of Inner Mongolia are the primary regions where shrinking occurs in both counties and county seats, demonstrating a pronounced spatial lock-in effect. (2)From a two-dimensional perspective, shrinking is predominantly one-dimensional. Specifically, the shrinking of county areas coupled with the growth of county towns dominates, indicating that while populations in county areas decline, the concentration in county towns increases. Two-dimensional shrinking (county shrinking-county town shrinking) is exceedingly rare and exhibits intermittent and short-term characteristics, occurring as an overlay on the foundation of long-term stable county shrinking. (3)From a two-dimensional perspective, there is a significant positive correlation in the spatial dynamics of population changes in counties and county seats. Two-dimensional growth areas clearly align with the core zones of the three major urban agglomerations, whereas two-dimensional shrinking types are concentrated in the pure pastoral regions of eastern Inner Mongolia. (4)Population shrinking results from the combined influence of demographic and socio-economic factors, with GDP and income levels serving as key variables. From a two-dimensional perspective, population shrinking is prevalent but remains relatively mild across the upper reaches of the Yellow River. Two-dimensional shrinking represents an isolated phenomenon occurring in specific localities or time periods and has not yet led to severe consequences.

Key words: two-dimensional perspective, population shrinking, spatio-temporal characteristics, influencing factors, upper reaches of the Yellow River

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