Journal of Desert Research ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 288-300.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00257
Yuanyuan Ma1,2(
), Dengke Ma1,2, Yifan Yue3, Wenrong Kang1,2, Hu Liu1, Guoying Zhou4, Wenzhi Zhao1(
)
Received:2025-08-25
Revised:2025-10-21
Online:2026-03-20
Published:2026-04-13
Contact:
Wenzhi Zhao
CLC Number:
Yuanyuan Ma, Dengke Ma, Yifan Yue, Wenrong Kang, Hu Liu, Guoying Zhou, Wenzhi Zhao. Spatiotemporal changes and driving mechanisms of vegetation in the sandy areas of Qinghai Province in 2000-2024[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2026, 46(2): 288-300.
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URL: http://www.desert.ac.cn/EN/10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00257
| 植物名称 | 科名 | 属名 | 平均高度/cm | 平均冠幅/cm | 平均密度/(株·m-2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 芦苇(Phragmites australis) | 禾本科 | 芦苇属 | 49.56±2.18 | 22.00±1.11 | 19.17±0.52 |
| 冰草(Agropyron cristatum) | 禾本科 | 冰草属 | 26.52±11.06 | 9.39±1.11 | 10.61±0.62 |
| 白刺(Nitraria tangutorum) | 白刺科 | 白刺属 | 80.58±10.88 | 115.44±16.23 | 0.40±0.21 |
| 柽柳(Tamarix chinensis) | 柽柳科 | 柽柳属 | 209.38±11.27 | 286.25±39.59 | 0.12±0.03 |
| 针茅(Stipa capillata) | 禾本科 | 针茅属 | 6.46±0.53 | 11.96±0.18 | 0.98±0.49 |
| 海韭菜(Triglochin maritima) | 水麦冬科 | 水麦冬属 | 10.58±5.31 | 11.58±0.97 | 15.52±3.58 |
| 红砂(Reaumuria songarica) | 柽柳科 | 红砂属 | 10.58±1.08 | 22.53±4.15 | 0.54±0.08 |
| 碱蓬(Suaeda glauca) | 苋科 | 碱蓬属 | 8.17±2.06 | 16.90±4.49 | 1.09±0.16 |
| 珍珠柴(Caroxylon passerinum) | 苋科 | 珍珠柴属 | 8.33±0.27 | 25.47±2.34 | 1.11±0.15 |
| 合头藜(Sympegma regelii) | 苋科 | 合头藜属 | 50.25±3.52 | 65.92±11.35 | 0.59±0.10 |
| 芨芨草(Neotrinia splendens) | 禾本科 | 芨芨草属 | 46.18±15.83 | 53.04±20.47 | 0.12±0.04 |
| 罗布麻(Apocynum venetum) | 夹竹桃科 | 罗布麻属 | 50.59±0.88 | 35.33±1.86 | 0.78±0.04 |
| 膜果麻黄(Ephedra przewalskii) | 麻黄科 | 麻黄属 | 17.41±0.45 | 31.41±0.87 | 0.26±0.08 |
| 莎草(Cyperus rotundus) | 莎草科 | 莎草属 | 10.56±1.76 | 6.33±0.58 | 118.61±34.80 |
Table 1 Characteristics of major plant species in the sandy areas of Qinghai Province
| 植物名称 | 科名 | 属名 | 平均高度/cm | 平均冠幅/cm | 平均密度/(株·m-2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 芦苇(Phragmites australis) | 禾本科 | 芦苇属 | 49.56±2.18 | 22.00±1.11 | 19.17±0.52 |
| 冰草(Agropyron cristatum) | 禾本科 | 冰草属 | 26.52±11.06 | 9.39±1.11 | 10.61±0.62 |
| 白刺(Nitraria tangutorum) | 白刺科 | 白刺属 | 80.58±10.88 | 115.44±16.23 | 0.40±0.21 |
| 柽柳(Tamarix chinensis) | 柽柳科 | 柽柳属 | 209.38±11.27 | 286.25±39.59 | 0.12±0.03 |
| 针茅(Stipa capillata) | 禾本科 | 针茅属 | 6.46±0.53 | 11.96±0.18 | 0.98±0.49 |
| 海韭菜(Triglochin maritima) | 水麦冬科 | 水麦冬属 | 10.58±5.31 | 11.58±0.97 | 15.52±3.58 |
| 红砂(Reaumuria songarica) | 柽柳科 | 红砂属 | 10.58±1.08 | 22.53±4.15 | 0.54±0.08 |
| 碱蓬(Suaeda glauca) | 苋科 | 碱蓬属 | 8.17±2.06 | 16.90±4.49 | 1.09±0.16 |
| 珍珠柴(Caroxylon passerinum) | 苋科 | 珍珠柴属 | 8.33±0.27 | 25.47±2.34 | 1.11±0.15 |
| 合头藜(Sympegma regelii) | 苋科 | 合头藜属 | 50.25±3.52 | 65.92±11.35 | 0.59±0.10 |
| 芨芨草(Neotrinia splendens) | 禾本科 | 芨芨草属 | 46.18±15.83 | 53.04±20.47 | 0.12±0.04 |
| 罗布麻(Apocynum venetum) | 夹竹桃科 | 罗布麻属 | 50.59±0.88 | 35.33±1.86 | 0.78±0.04 |
| 膜果麻黄(Ephedra przewalskii) | 麻黄科 | 麻黄属 | 17.41±0.45 | 31.41±0.87 | 0.26±0.08 |
| 莎草(Cyperus rotundus) | 莎草科 | 莎草属 | 10.56±1.76 | 6.33±0.58 | 118.61±34.80 |
| |Z| | FVC变化趋势 | |
|---|---|---|
| ≥0.0005 | >1.96 | 明显改善 |
| ≥0.0005 | ≤1.96 | 轻微改善 |
| -0.0005~0.0005 | ≤1.96 | 稳定不变 |
| <-0.0005 | ≤1.96 | 轻微减少 |
| <-0.0005 | >1.96 | 严重减少 |
Table 2 Classification of FVC trend variations
| |Z| | FVC变化趋势 | |
|---|---|---|
| ≥0.0005 | >1.96 | 明显改善 |
| ≥0.0005 | ≤1.96 | 轻微改善 |
| -0.0005~0.0005 | ≤1.96 | 稳定不变 |
| <-0.0005 | ≤1.96 | 轻微减少 |
| <-0.0005 | >1.96 | 严重减少 |
| Hurst指数 | FVC未来变化趋势 | |
|---|---|---|
| ≥0.0005 | 0.5~1 | 持续性改善 |
| ≥0.0005 | 0~0.5 | 反持续性改善(减少) |
| -0.0005~0.0005 | ≈0.5 | 相对稳定 |
| <-0.0005 | 0~0.5 | 反持续性减少(改善) |
| <-0.0005 | 0.5~1 | 持续性减少 |
Table 3 Classification of future FVC trend variations
| Hurst指数 | FVC未来变化趋势 | |
|---|---|---|
| ≥0.0005 | 0.5~1 | 持续性改善 |
| ≥0.0005 | 0~0.5 | 反持续性改善(减少) |
| -0.0005~0.0005 | ≈0.5 | 相对稳定 |
| <-0.0005 | 0~0.5 | 反持续性减少(改善) |
| <-0.0005 | 0.5~1 | 持续性减少 |
| 因子类型 | 地理因子 | 解释力q | 显著性P |
|---|---|---|---|
| 气候 | 气温 | 0.151 | <0.001 |
| 降水量 | 0.326 | <0.001 | |
| 风速 | 0.127 | <0.001 | |
| 潜在蒸散发 | 0.153 | <0.001 | |
| 水文 | 距河道距离 | 0.096 | <0.001 |
| 地形 | 高程 | 0.205 | <0.001 |
| 坡度 | 0.049 | <0.001 | |
| 坡向 | 0.094 | <0.001 | |
| 土壤 | 土壤质地 | 0.036 | <0.001 |
| 土壤含水量 | 0.166 | <0.001 | |
| 土壤有机碳 | 0.089 | <0.001 | |
| 土壤总氮 | 0.078 | <0.001 | |
| 土壤pH | 0.084 | <0.001 | |
| 土壤电导率 | 0.022 | <0.05 | |
| 人类活动 | 夜间灯光 | 0.004 | >0.05 |
| 距道路距离 | 0.141 | <0.001 |
Table 4 Results of FVC driving factors based on the Geodetector method from 2000 to 2024
| 因子类型 | 地理因子 | 解释力q | 显著性P |
|---|---|---|---|
| 气候 | 气温 | 0.151 | <0.001 |
| 降水量 | 0.326 | <0.001 | |
| 风速 | 0.127 | <0.001 | |
| 潜在蒸散发 | 0.153 | <0.001 | |
| 水文 | 距河道距离 | 0.096 | <0.001 |
| 地形 | 高程 | 0.205 | <0.001 |
| 坡度 | 0.049 | <0.001 | |
| 坡向 | 0.094 | <0.001 | |
| 土壤 | 土壤质地 | 0.036 | <0.001 |
| 土壤含水量 | 0.166 | <0.001 | |
| 土壤有机碳 | 0.089 | <0.001 | |
| 土壤总氮 | 0.078 | <0.001 | |
| 土壤pH | 0.084 | <0.001 | |
| 土壤电导率 | 0.022 | <0.05 | |
| 人类活动 | 夜间灯光 | 0.004 | >0.05 |
| 距道路距离 | 0.141 | <0.001 |
| 生态脆弱地表类型 | 恢复策略 | 主要措施 |
|---|---|---|
| 流动沙地 | 强化沙地固定,增强水分管理 | ①生物固沙(种植固沙植物)与工程措施(沙障等)相结合 ②适当建设水源保障系统 |
| 半流动沙地 | 保护现有植被,强化水土保持 | ①加强风沙侵蚀控制措施,如修建风障、植被恢复②实施水土保持技术,保持水源和土壤水分 |
| 半固定沙地 | 提升植被多样性,恢复土壤肥力 | ①种植本土耐旱、耐盐植物,增强植被覆盖度 ②改良土壤结构,增加土壤有机质含量 |
| 固定沙地 | 稳定现有植被,增强固沙能力 | ①扩大本土植物种植,尤其是深根植物,以增强土壤稳定性 ②加强沙障建设与沙丘固沙,减少风沙侵蚀 |
| 盐碱地 | 改良土壤,种植适生植物 | ①采用盐碱地改良技术(如生物修复、化学修复等),降低土壤盐分②种植适生植物 |
| 戈壁 | 增强土壤结构,提升生物多样性 | ①引入适应戈壁环境的耐旱、耐碱植物种类 ②加强生态恢复,特别是水土保持和固沙技术的应用 |
Table 5 Restoration strategies for different ecologically fragile surface types in the desert areas of Qinghai
| 生态脆弱地表类型 | 恢复策略 | 主要措施 |
|---|---|---|
| 流动沙地 | 强化沙地固定,增强水分管理 | ①生物固沙(种植固沙植物)与工程措施(沙障等)相结合 ②适当建设水源保障系统 |
| 半流动沙地 | 保护现有植被,强化水土保持 | ①加强风沙侵蚀控制措施,如修建风障、植被恢复②实施水土保持技术,保持水源和土壤水分 |
| 半固定沙地 | 提升植被多样性,恢复土壤肥力 | ①种植本土耐旱、耐盐植物,增强植被覆盖度 ②改良土壤结构,增加土壤有机质含量 |
| 固定沙地 | 稳定现有植被,增强固沙能力 | ①扩大本土植物种植,尤其是深根植物,以增强土壤稳定性 ②加强沙障建设与沙丘固沙,减少风沙侵蚀 |
| 盐碱地 | 改良土壤,种植适生植物 | ①采用盐碱地改良技术(如生物修复、化学修复等),降低土壤盐分②种植适生植物 |
| 戈壁 | 增强土壤结构,提升生物多样性 | ①引入适应戈壁环境的耐旱、耐碱植物种类 ②加强生态恢复,特别是水土保持和固沙技术的应用 |
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