腾格里沙漠东南缘反向沙丘形态演化过程

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2016.00134

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 沙丘形态演化是风沙地貌研究的重要内容。反向沙丘是指在相反方向风作用下形成的沙丘，有两个落沙坡，分别对应两个风向，在主风向作用下形成横向沙丘，但在相反方向风作用下，沙丘顶部向主风方向移动，从而形成反向沙丘。反向沙丘存在于任何有两个相反方向风的地区。以腾格里沙漠东南缘平坦沙地上发育的反向沙丘为研究对象，2010年对沙丘迎风坡和背风坡不同部位坡度进行1年期野外测量，旨在阐明反向沙丘的形态演化过程。结果表明：反向沙丘形态演化包括3个阶段：横向沙丘—过渡态—反向沙丘，但研究区的沙丘形态演化经历5个阶段：横向沙丘—过渡态—反向沙丘—过渡态—横向沙丘。不同演化阶段的沙丘迎风坡和背风坡角度发生明显变化。该研究结果增加人们对反向沙丘形态演化过程的认识，对区域风沙地貌改造利用提供理论依据。

关键词: 腾格里沙漠, 反向沙丘, 形态

Abstract: Dune geomorphology is one of important issues in aeolian geomorphology. Reversing dune has two leeward slopes, and forms under two reversed wind directions. There are transverse dunes formed under primary wind direction, and the dune crest moves to primary wind direction under reversed wind direction. The reversing dunes can form under anywhere there are reversed wind directions. In this paper, the developing reversing dune on a flatted shifting surface in the southeast Tengger Desert were selected to study the dune geomorphology development processes. The windward slope and leeward slope were measured in the field conditions. The result indicated that the reversing dune development can divided into three stages:transverse dune, transition and reversing dunes. During the different development stages, the windward slope and leeward slope obviously changed.

Key words: Tengger Desert, reversing dunes, geomorphology

中图分类号:

P931.3

张正偲, 董治宝, 管梦鸾. 腾格里沙漠东南缘反向沙丘形态演化过程[J]. 中国沙漠, 2018, 38(4): 709-715.

Zhang Zhengcai, Dong Zhibao, Guan Mengluan. The Reversing Dune Geomorphology Development Process in the Southeast Tengger Desert[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2018, 38(4): 709-715.

参考文献

[1] McKee E D.A Study of Global Sand Seas[M].Washington,USA:United States Government Printing Office,1979.
[2] Jackson J A.Glossary of Geology[M].Virginia,USA:American Geological Institute,1997.
[3] Livingstone I,Warren A.Aeolian Geomorphology:An Introduction[J].London,UK:Addison Wesley Longman Limited,1996.
[4] Thomas D S G.Sand seas and aeolian bedforms[M]//Thomas D S G.Arid Zone Geomorphology.London,UK:Belhaven Press,1997.
[5] Zimbelman J R,Scheidt S P.Precision topography of a reversing sand dune at Bruneau Dunes,Idaho,as an analog for Transverse Aeolian Ridges on Mars[J].Icarus,2014,230:29-37.
[6] 张正偲,董治宝.黑河流域中游沙漠风能环境与风沙地貌[J].中国沙漠,2014,34:332-341.
[7] 董治宝,苏志珠,钱广强,等.库姆塔格沙漠风沙地貌[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.
[8] Zhang Z C,Dong Z B,Li C X.Wind regime and sand transport in China's Badain Jaran Desert[J].Aeolian Research,2015,17:1-13.
[9] Zhang Z C,Dong Z B,Wen Q,et al.Wind regimes and aeolian geomorphology in the western and southwestern Tengger Desert,NW China[J].Geological Journal,2015,50(6):707719.
[10] Warren A.Dunes:Dynamics,Morphology,History[M].Chichester,UK:Wiley-Blackwell,2013.
[11] 张正偲,董治宝,赵爱国,等.沙漠地区风沙活动特征——以中国科学院风沙观测场为例[J].干旱区研究,2007,24(4):550-555.
[12] 张正偲,董治宝,钱广强,等.腾格里沙漠西部和西南部风能环境与风沙地貌[J].中国沙漠,2012,329(6):1528-1533.
[13] Neuman C M,Lancaster N,Nickling W G.Relations between dune morphology,air flow,and sediment flux on reversing dunes,Silver Peak,Nevada[J].Sedimentology,1997,44:1103-1113.
[14] Walker I J,Nickling W G.Dynamics of secondary airflow and sediment transport over and in the lee of transverse dunes[J].Progress in Physical Geography,2015,26:47-75.
[15] Lancaster N,Nickling W G,Neuman C M.Particle size and sorting characteristics of sand in transport on the stoss slope of a small reversing dune[J].Geomorphology,2002,43:233-242.
[16] Bristow C S,Augustinus P C,Wallis I C,et al.Investigation of the age and migration of reversing dunes in Antarctica using GPR and OSL,with implications for GPR on Mars[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2010,289:30-42.
[17] Frank A J,Kocurek G.Airflow up the stoss slope of sand dunes:limitations of current understanding[J].Geomorphology,1996,17:47-54.
[18] Walker I J,Nickling W G.Simulation and measurement of surface shear stress over isolated and closely spaced transverse dunes in a wind tunnel[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2003,28:1111-1124.
[19] Baddock M C,Livingstone I,Wiggs G F S.The geomorphological significance of airflow patterns in transverse dune interdunes[J].Geomorphology,2007,87:322-336.
[20] Lynch K,Jackson D W T,Cooper J A G.Coastal foredune topography as a control on secondary airflow regimes under offshore winds[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2010,35:344-353.
[21] Bauer B O,Davidson-Arnott R G D,Walker I J,et al.Wind direction and complex sediment transport response across a beach-dune system[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2012,37:1661-1677.
[22] 哈斯,王贵勇,董光荣.沙丘背风侧气流及其沉积类型与意义[J].沉积学报,2001,19(1):96-100.
[23] Sweet M L,Kocurek G.An empirical model of aeolian dune lee-face airflow[J].Sedimentology,2006,37:1023-1038.
[24] Dong Z B,Qian G Q,Luo W Y,et al.A wind tunnel simulation of the effects of stoss slope on the lee airflow pattern over a two dimensional transverse dune[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2007,112:F03019.
[25] 钱广强,董治宝,罗万银,等.横向沙丘背风侧气流重附风洞模拟[J].中国沙漠,2008,28(1):16-20.
[26] 张正偲,董治宝.横向沙丘表面气流湍流特征野外观测[J].地理科学,2015,35(5):652-657.
[27] Jackson D W T,Beyers M,Delgado-Fernandez I,et al.Airflow reversal and alternating corkscrew vortices in foredune wake zones during perpendicular and oblique offshore winds[J].Geomorphology,2013,187:86-93.