The species and distribution characteristics of terrestrial wild vertebrates in the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert were investigated from June 2017 to April 2018, and combined with the monitoring data and documents have been recorded in Shapotou National Nature Reserve, Liangucheng National Nature Reserve and Tengger Desert Autonomous Region Nature Reserve have analyzed the diversity and fauna of terrestrial wild vertebrates in the Tengger Desert. The results show that there are 4 classes, 26 orders, 73 families, and 249 species of terrestrial vertebrates in the Tengger Desert. Among them, 1 order, 2 families and 3 species of Amphibia; 1 order, 7 families and 12 species of Reptilia; 18 orders, 51 families and 201 species of Aves; 6 orders, 13 families, 33 species of Mammalia. The terrestrial wild vertebrates in the Tengger Desert account for 80.72% of the total number of wild vertebrates in the Tengger Desert, 13.25% for the mammals, 4.82% for the reptiles, and 1.20% for the amphibians. The 249 species of terrestrial wild vertebrates belong to 3 faunas, among which 157 species of paleo-north species account for 63.05%, 76 species of widely distributed species account for 30.52%, and 16 species of oriental species account for 6.43%.