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中国沙漠 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (3): 261-273.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2021.00143

• • 上一篇    

中国半干旱区农田土壤碳、氮、磷含量对玉米生产的影响

胡延斌1,2(), 张强1,3,4(), 肖国举2, 仇正跻5, 李永平6, 郭占强2   

  1. 1.兰州大学 大气科学学院/半干旱气候变化教育部重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730000
    2.宁夏大学 生态环境学院,宁夏 银川 750021
    3.中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所 甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室/中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点开放实验室,甘肃 兰州 730020
    4.甘肃省气象局,甘肃 兰州 730020
    5.隆德县农业技术推广服务中心,宁夏 隆德 756302
    6.宁夏农林科学院固原分院,宁夏 固原 756000
  • 收稿日期:2021-06-08 修回日期:2021-12-13 出版日期:2022-05-20 发布日期:2022-06-01
  • 通讯作者: 张强
  • 作者简介:张强(E-mail: zhangqiang@cma.gov.cn
    胡延斌(1991—),女,河北邢台人,博士研究生,研究方向为气候变化及农田生态系统碳循环。E-mail: 985327920@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41630426);甘肃省基础研究创新群项目(20JR5RA121)

Effect of soil carbonnitrgen and phosphate contents on maize production in semi-arid regions of China

Yanbin Hu1,2(), Qiang Zhang1,3,4(), Guoju Xiao2, Zhengji Qiu5, Yongping Li6, Zhanqiang Guo2   

  1. 1.MOE Key Laboratory of Semi-arid Climate Change / College of Atmospheric Scinces,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China
    2.School of Ecology and Environment,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China
    3.Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province / CMA Key Open Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Disaster Reduction,Institute of Arid Meteorology,Chinese Meteorological Administration,Lanzhou 730020,China
    4.Gansu Meterorological Bureau,Lanzhou 730020,China
    5.Longde County Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center,Longde 756302,Ningxia,China
    6.Guyuan Branch of Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Guyuan 756000,Ningxia,China
  • Received:2021-06-08 Revised:2021-12-13 Online:2022-05-20 Published:2022-06-01
  • Contact: Qiang Zhang

摘要:

中国干旱半干旱区占据陆地大片区域,主体位于内蒙古高原、黄土高原、新疆及青藏高原。半干旱区处于季风和非季风的边缘,降水稀少,生态环境脆弱,对气候变化敏感。探究半干旱区农田生态系统有机碳对作物生产和碳储存的影响机制及固碳潜力,对提高区域作物生产水平和生态安全具有重要意义。本研究区位于中国宁夏南部典型半干旱区,基于2017—2019年主要粮食作物玉米生产对土壤有机碳以及氮磷的响应,运用农田生态系统调查取样的方法,开展耕层土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(STN)、全磷(STP)及碳氮比(C/N)对玉米生产水平及有机碳储存的影响研究,分析农田SOC的合理贮存范围。结果表明:(1)SOC、STN、STP含量对玉米产量影响差异显著。一定阈值内SOC、STN、STP含量及土壤C/N对玉米产量表现出积极的正效应,而当SOC、STN、STP以及C/N分别超出10.00 g·kg-1、1.00 g·kg-1、0.85 g·kg-1、8.50的阈值后,玉米产量的增长出现减缓,甚至下降趋势;(2)研究区域SOC含量从3.00 g·kg-1增加至13.00 g·kg-1的阈值,对籽粒有机碳、蛋白质、淀粉、粗脂肪、可溶性糖等含量的提升呈现积极的正效应,分别增长43.47%、77.13%、52.16%、56.92%、116.71%,均呈先快速增长,后逐渐趋于平缓趋势。而SOC对籽粒全氮和全磷呈现倒U型变化趋势。STN、STP对玉米品质的影响相对较弱;(3)研究区作物耕层SOC、STN、STP含量与生态系统固碳潜力具有较强的正相关性,而SOC、STN、STP含量过高,作物固碳潜力基本保持稳定。研究结果较好反映了研究时间段内SOC、STN、STP含量与作物生产水平及提高SOC储存的关系。本研究认为宁夏南部半干旱区,农田SOC、STN、STP、C/N的合理阈值分别为10.00—12.00 g·kg-1、0.80—1.10 g·kg-1、0.70—0.85 g·kg-1、8.00—9.00。

关键词: 半干旱区, 土壤有机碳, 产量, 品质, 固碳潜力

Abstract:

China's arid and semi-arid regions cover a large area of land, mainly located in the Inner Mongolia Plateau, Loess Plateau, Xinjiang and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Semi-arid region is located on the edge of monsoon and non-monsoon, with rare precipitation and fragile ecological environment, which is one of the most sensitive regions to climate change. It is of strategic significance to explore the influence mechanism and storage potential of organic carbon in farmland ecosystem on crop production and carbon storage in semi-arid region for improving crop production level and ecological security. Based on the response of maize production to soil organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in the typical semi-arid region of southern Ningxia, China during 2017-2019, this study studied the effects of SOC, STN, STP and C/N on maize production and organic carbon storage by using the method of farmland ecosystem survey and sampling. The reasonable storage range of SOC in farmland soil was analyzed. The results showed as follows: (1) Different SOC, STN and STP had significant effects on maize yield. SOC, STN, STP and soil C/N showed positive effects on maize yield within a certain threshold, but when SOC, STN, STP and C/N exceeded the thresholds of 10.00 g·kg-1, 1.00 g·kg-1, 0.85 g·kg-1 and 8.50, the increase of maize yield slowed down. It's even going down. (2) The SOC content in the study area increased from 3.00 g·kg-1 to 13.00 g·kg-1, and the quality contents of organic carbon, protein, starch, crude fat and soluble sugar increased by 43.47%, 77.13%, 52.16%, 56.92% and 116.71%, respectively. All of them showed a rapid growth at first and then a gradual flattening trend. However, SOC showed an inverted U-shaped trend for total nitrogen and total phosphorus in grains. The effect of STN and STP on maize quality was relatively weak. (3) The SOC, STN and STP in the surface layer in the study area were strongly positively correlated with the carbon sequestration potential of the ecosystem, while the SOC, STN and STP contents were too high, and the carbon sequestration potential of the crops basically remained stable. The research results better reflect the relationship between SOC, STN, STP and crop production level and the improvement of SOC storage in the research period. In this study, the reasonable thresholds of farmland SOC, STN, STP and C/N in the semi-arid region of southern Ningxia are 10.00-12.00 g·kg-1, 0.80-1.10 g·kg-1, 0.70-0.85 g·kg-1 and 8.00-9.00, respectively. This conclusion has important reference value for further understanding and guiding the sustainable development of agriculture and the enhancement of ecosystem carbon sequestration potential, realizing carbon neutrality and carbon peak in semi-arid regions of China.

Key words: semi-arid regions, soil organic carbon, yield, quality, carbon sequestration potential

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