土壤含水量、种植模式和丁香酚对土壤微生物种群结构的影响

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2018.00052

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 盆栽试验了田间持水量（45%、60%、75%）、种植模式和小麦根系分泌物丁香酚对小麦、蚕豆下土壤微生物种群结构的影响。结果表明：间作土壤中细菌、真菌和放线菌数量较单作加权平均有所减少，但间作化感促进作用和土壤微生物多样性均大于单作加权平均，且丁香酚对单作小麦和小麦间作蚕豆土壤微生物数量表现出明显的化感促进作用，在丁香酚处理下间作土壤中3种菌类数量较单作加权平均分别提高95.9%、8.8%和99.6%，但对单作蚕豆土壤微生物数量表现为化感抑制作用；随着供水水平的增加，单作小麦化感促进作用增强，单作蚕豆化感抑制作用减弱，间作化感促进作用在60%相对含水量以下随供水水平增加而增强，超过60%后随供水水平增加而减弱。丁香酚处理下间作土壤微生物多样性指数在小麦拔节期、灌浆期和成熟期比单作加权平均提高74.3%、96.1%和134.0%，且在单作小麦和间作群体下在60%相对含水量以下随供水水平增加而提高，超过60%后随供水水平增加而降低，单作蚕豆则随供水水平增加而持续降低。因此，利用间作和灌水水平的控制可充分挖掘根系分泌物对土壤微生物数量和多样性的化感促进作用。

关键词: 供水水平, 间作, 化感作用, 土壤微生物, 多样性指数

Abstract: The pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of water supply rate (field capacity 45%, 60% and 75%) and Phenol, 2-methoxy-4-(4-propenyl) on the soil microbial population under sole wheat, sole faba bean, and wheat-faba bean intercropping. The results showed that the number of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes under intercropping were lowered than the weighted mean value of two sole cropping systems. Whereas, the allelopathic promotion effect and soil microbial diversity index under intercropping were greater than the weighted mean of the two sole cropping systems. Besides, this study revealed an obvious allelopathic promotion effect of Phenol, 2-methoxy-4-(4-propenyl) on the number of soil microbes under sole wheat and wheat-faba bean intercropping. Compared to the weighted mean of two sole cropping systems, the number of three soil microbes under intercropping was increased by 95.9%, 8.8% and 99.6% in the action of Phenol, 2-methoxy-4-(4-propenyl). Nevertheless, under sole faba bean, an obvious allelopathic inhibition effect was revealed. As increasing of the irrigation level, the allelopathic promotion effect of sole wheat was consistently improved, whereas the allelopathic inhibition effect of sole faba bean was consistently decreased. For wheat-faba bean intercropping, increasing irrigation level to 60% promoted the allelopathic promotion effect;however, exceed by 60%, continuously increasing of irrigation level decreased the allelopathic promotion effect. In terms of soil biodiversity index, it was improved by 74.3%, 96.1% and 134.0% at wheat jointing, grain filling and maturity under intercropping compared to the weighted mean of two sole cropping systems in the action of Phenol, 2-methoxy-4-(4-propenyl). In addition, the soil biodiversity index of sole wheat and wheat-faba bean intercropping both had threshold value of irrigation level at 60%, and increasing irrigation level to 60% increased the soil biodiversity index;while exceed by 60%, increasing irrigation level decreased the soil biodiversity index. For sole faba bean, increasing irrigation level consistently decreased the soil biodiversity index. Consequently, adopting intercropping and optimum irrigation level could facilitate the promotion effect of root exudates on the optimization of soil microbes quantities and biodiversity.

Key words: water supply levels, intercropping, allelopathy, soil microbial, diversity index

中图分类号:

S154.3

范虹, 赵财, 胡发龙, 肖凯, 柴强. 土壤含水量、种植模式和丁香酚对土壤微生物种群结构的影响[J]. 中国沙漠, 2019, 39(2): 13-18.

Fan Hong, Zhao Cai, Hu Falong, Xiao Kai, Chai Qiang. Effects of Water Supply, Intercropping and 2-Methoxy-4-(4-Propenyl) on Soil Microorganism Population Structure[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2019, 39(2): 13-18.

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