2008—2018年河北昌黎海岸输沙势时空变化与沙丘形态演变

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2019.00074

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 输沙势的时空变化特征是研究风积沙丘形态类型及其时空变化规律的重要指标。以中国河北昌黎海岸沙丘分布区为研究对象，利用邻近区域3个气象站记录的2008—2018年风资料分析输沙势时空变化，借助高分辨率的Google卫星影像提取同期横向沙脊和新月形沙丘形态的变化信息，结合区域风速、降水量变化及人类活动等因素，综合分析海岸沙丘分布格局和形态变化的驱动机制。结果表明：（1）研究区输沙势（DP）以春、冬两季最高，潜在风沙作用最活跃；（2）3个气象站中，乐亭站向岸合成输沙方向（RDD）代表研究区主要输沙方向，昌黎站离岸合成输沙方向为次要输沙方向，这两个输沙过程控制了研究区海岸沙丘分布的基本格局；（3）研究区向岸的和离岸的输沙势、合成输沙势（RDP）总体呈现衰减趋势，合成输沙方向没有明显变化；（4）近10年来昌黎海岸沙丘整体呈明显的风蚀消减特征，但气候变化的影响十分有限，而人工植树造林、防风固沙活动导致上风向沙源的减少则是主要原因。

关键词: 海岸沙丘, 输沙势, 新月形沙丘, 横向沙脊, 沙丘衰退, 昌黎

Abstract: The spatial-temporal variation of drift potential is an important index in studying the morphology and spatial-temporal variation of aeolian dunes. In this study, aeolian coastal dunes in Changli, Hebei,China, are chosen as study object. The spatial-temporal variation of drift potential during 2008-2018 are analysed via the wind data from adjacent meteorological stations, and multi-period high resolution images derived from the Google Earth platform are used to extract information about the changes in dune morphology. Besides, the driving mechanism of the distribution pattern and morphological change of coastal dunes are discussed comprehensively based on wind regime, precipitation and human activities. The results show that: (1)The drift potential (DP) is high during spring and winter, and the sand drift is active.(2) Among these three meteorological stations, the landward resultant drift direction of Laoting station represents the main direction of sand drift in study area, while the seaward resultant drift direction of Changli station reflects the secondary direction of sand drift, and the distribution of coastal dunes in our study area is controlled by these two sand-drifting processes. (3)Both the landward and the seaward DP and resultant drift potential (RDP) generally show a decreasing trend, while the resultant drift direction (RDD) shows no significant change. (4) During the past decade, the aeolian geomorphology of Changli coast shows a characteristic of recession as a whole, the influence of climate change is limited, but the reduction of sand supply caused by artificial afforestation, windbreak and sand fixation activities is the main reason.

Key words: coastal dunes, drift potential, barchan dunes, transverse dunes, dune recession, Changli

中图分类号:

P931.3

李志星, 李志忠, 靳建辉, 郑斐, 张文静, 白利. 2008—2018年河北昌黎海岸输沙势时空变化与沙丘形态演变[J]. 中国沙漠, 2020, 40(3): 94-105.

Li Zhixing, Li Zhizhong, Jin Jianhui, Zheng Fei, Zhang Wenjing, Bai Li. Spatial-temporal variation of drift potential and dune morphology evolution during 2008-2018 in Changli coast of Hebei, China[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2020, 40(3): 94-105.

参考文献

[1] Greeley R,Iversen J D.Wind as Geological Process[M].Cambridge,UK:Cambridge University Press,1985.
[2] Fryberger S G.Dune forms and wind regime[M]//Mckee E D.A Study of Global Sand Seas. Hawaii,USA:University Press of the Pacific,1979:132-169.
[3] Al-Awadhi J M,Al-Helal A,Al-Enezi A.Sand drift potential in the desert of Kuwait[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2005,63(2):425-438.
[4] Lancaster N.Geomorphology of Desert Dunes[M].New York,USA:Routledge,1995.
[5] Lancaster N.Development of linear dunes in the southwestern Kalahari,southern Africa[J].Journal of Arid Environments,1988,14(3):233-244.
[6] Bullard J E.A note on the use of the fryberger method for evaluating potential and transport by wind[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1997,67(3):499-501.
[7] 张正偲,董治宝,赵爱国,等.输沙量与输沙势的关系[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(4):824-827.
[8] 房彦杰.基于Fryberger方法的塔克拉玛干沙漠输沙势时空分布特征分析[D].成都:四川师范大学,2015.
[9] Pye K,Tsoar H.Aeolian Sands and Sand Dunes[M].London,UK:Unwin Hyman,1990.
[10] Hereher M E.Assessment of sand drift potential along the Nile Valley and Delta using climatic and satellite data[J].Applied Geography,2014,55:39-47.
[11] Samani A N,Khosravi H,Mesbahzadeh T,et al.Determination of sand dune characteristics through geomorphometry and wind data analysis in central Iran (Kashan Erg)[J].Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2016,9(18):716.
[12] Bullard J E,Thomas D S G,Livingstone I,et al.Wind energy variations in the southwestern kalahari desert and implications for linear dunefield activity[J].Earth Surface Processes&Landforms,2015,21(3):263-278.
[13] Martinho C T,Hesp P A,Dillenburg S R.Morphological and temporal variations of transgressive dunefields of the northern and mid-littoral Rio Grande do Sul coast,Southern Brazil[J].Geomorphology,2010,117(1/2):1-32.
[14] Clemmensen L B,Hansen K W T,Kroon A.Storminess variation at Skagen,northern Denmark since AD 1860:relations to climate change and implications for coastal dunes[J].Aeolian Research,2014,15:101-112.
[15] Levin N,Jablon P E,Phinn S,et al.Coastal dune activity and foredune formation on Moreton Island,Australia,1944-2015[J].Aeolian Research,2017,25:107-121.
[16] 王继和,丁峰,廖空太,等.库姆塔格沙漠综合考察的主要进展[J].干旱区研究,2009,26(2):97-102.
[17] 刘陶,杨小平,董巨峰,等.巴丹吉林沙漠沙丘形态与风动力关系的初步研究[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(6):1285-1291.
[18] 管超,哈斯额尔敦,周炎广,等.库布齐沙漠南缘风水交互特征及其对抛物线形沙丘发育的影响[J].中国沙漠,2018,38(5):3-12.
[19] 肖南,董治宝,南维鸽,等.1957-2014年库布齐沙漠地面风场特征[J].中国沙漠,2018,38(3):628-636.
[20] 杨军怀,董治宝,刘铮瑶,等.库鲁克沙漠风沙地貌与沙丘移动[J].中国沙漠,2019,39(4):1-8.
[21] 王颖,朱大奎.海岸沙丘成因的讨论[J].中国沙漠,1987,7(3):29-40.
[22] 李从先,陈刚,王秀强.滦河以北海岸风成砂沉积的初步研究[J].中国沙漠,1987,7(2):12-21.
[23] 董玉祥,马骏,黄德全.河北昌黎黄金海岸横向沙脊表面的粒度分布模式[J].地理研究,2008,27(4):725-733.
[24] 董玉祥,马骏,黄德全.海岸新月形沙丘的表面粒度分异:以河北昌黎黄金海岸为例[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2008(3):15-21.
[25] 董玉祥,马骏,黄德全.人为干扰下海岸沙丘表面粒度分布变异实证研究:以河北昌黎黄金海岸横向沙脊为例[J].中国沙漠,2008,28(2):202-207.
[26] 董玉祥,黄德全.河北昌黎翡翠岛海岸沙丘移动的初步观测[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(2):486-492.
[27] 黄德全,董玉祥,哈斯,等.海岸横向沙脊的移动与形态变化:以河北昌黎黄金海岸横向沙脊为例[J].地理研究,2011,30(12):2229-2238.
[28] 姜锋,李志忠,靳建辉,等.河北昌黎典型海岸沙丘的沉积构造及其发育模式[J].海洋学报,2016,38(7):107-116.
[29] 李晶,高伟明,刘国君.昌黎黄金海岸沙丘动态变化及动因解析[J].海洋通报,2009(2):81-89.
[30] 刘国君,高伟明,李晶.基于GPS RTK技术的海岸沙丘动态监测[J].海洋测绘,2010,30(1):56-58.
[31] 赵蕾.河北昌黎海岸沙丘动态演变及趋势研究[D].石家庄:河北师范大学,2017.
[32] 董玉祥,黄德全.海岸新月形沙丘移动与形态变化的典型研究[J].地理科学,2014,34(7):863-869.
[33] 蔡爱智,蔡月娥.中国海岸风沙沉积的成因与特征[J].中国沙漠,1983,3(3):1-10.
[34] 傅启龙,沙庆安.昌黎海岸风成沙丘砂组构特征及其与海滩砂的比较[J].地质科学,1993(1):52-60.
[35] 曾照爽,庄振业,祁兴芬,等.秦皇岛昌黎黄金海岸的沙丘沉积和发育机理[J].海洋地质前沿,2003,19(7):23-27.
[36] 祁兴芬.秦皇岛市海岸风成沙丘的研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2004.
[37] 傅命佐,徐孝诗,徐小薇.黄、渤海海岸风沙地貌类型及其分布规律和发育模式[J].海洋与湖沼,1997,28(1):56-65.
[38] 姜锋.河北昌黎海岸沙丘沉积构造及其发育模式[D].福州:福建师范大学,2016.
[39] 吴正.华南海岸风沙地貌研究[M].北京:科学出版社,1995.
[40] 王静璞,刘连友,沈玲玲.基于Google Earth的毛乌素沙地新月形沙丘移动规律研究[J].遥感技术与应用,2013,28(6):1094-1100.
[41] Rubin D M,Ikeda H.Flume experiments on the alignment of transverse,oblique,and longitudinal dunes in directionally varying flows[J].Sedimentology,1990,37:673-684.
[42] Fenton L K,Michaels T I,Beyer R A.Inverse maximum gross bedform-normal transport 1:how to determine a dune-constructing wind regime using only imagery[J].Icarus,2014,230:5-14.
[43] 薛桁,朱瑞兆,杨振斌.沿海陆上风速衰减规律[J].太阳能学报,2002(2):207-210.
[44] 张素云,周顺武,郭艳岭,等.近47 a河北风速季节变化特征及影响因子分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2010,24(12):93-99.
[45] Clemmensen L B,Andreasen F,Heinemeier J,et al.A holocene coastal aeolian system,Vejers,Denmark:landscape evolution and sequence stratigraphy[J].Terra Nova,2001,13(2):129-134.
[46] 王涛,罗艳,钟亦鸣,等.西北与华北地区现代降水变化趋势的对比[J].水文,2017,37(1):56-63.
[47] 曹祥会,雷秋良,龙怀玉,等.河北省土壤温度与干湿状况的时空变化特征[J].土壤学报,2015,52(3):528-537.
[48] 胡镜荣,顾建清.自然保护区持续发展概论:以国家级昌黎黄金海岸自然保护区为例[M].北京:科学出版社,1996.
[49] 乌格特茉勒,董玉祥,哈斯,等.近50 a来河北昌黎黄金海岸沙地变化[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(4):777-782.
[50] 付晓花,董增川,刘晨,等.滦河流域径流演变及其驱动力分析[J].水电能源科学,2014,32(3):19-24.
[51] 薛永倩,李秀梅,姚海云,等.基于遥感技术的昌黎黄金海岸沙丘变迁研究[J].海洋信息,2017(4):1-6.