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中国沙漠 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 43-56.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00073

• • 上一篇    下一篇

科尔沁沙质草地关键植物种群动态对降水变化的响应

刘新平1,2(), 胡鸿姣1,2,4, 何玉惠1,3, 徐远志1,2,4, 景家琪1,2,4, 张尧1,2,4   

  1. 1.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,干旱区生态安全与可持续发展全国重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730000
    2.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,奈曼沙漠化研究站,甘肃 兰州 730000
    3.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,兰州生态农业试验研究站,甘肃 兰州 730000
    4.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-25 修回日期:2025-06-03 出版日期:2025-07-20 发布日期:2025-08-18
  • 作者简介:刘新平(1978—),男,甘肃瓜州人,研究员,博士生导师,主要从事生态水文学与恢复生态学研究。E-mail: liuxinping@lzb.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区防沙治沙科技创新重大示范工程“揭榜挂帅”项目(2024JBGS0005-1);中国科学院区域发展青年学者项目;干旱区生态安全与可持续发展全国重点实验室交叉创新团队项目(E451890201)

Response of key plant populations dynamics to precipitation changes in Horqin Sandy Grassland

Xinping Liu1,2(), Hongjiao Hu1,2,4, Yuhui He1,3, Yuanzhi Xu1,2,4, Jiaqi Jing1,2,4, Yao Zhang1,2,4   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    2.Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    3.Lanzhou Ecological Agriculture Experimental Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    4.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
  • Received:2025-04-25 Revised:2025-06-03 Online:2025-07-20 Published:2025-08-18

摘要:

干旱半干旱区陆地生态系统中,关键植物种群的动态变化是植被结构调整的核心驱动力,也是植被响应降水变化的生态基础。本研究以中国北方半干旱区科尔沁沙质草地植被为对象,通过降水变化控制实验,解析关键种群对降水变化的响应路径及其生态功能分异特征,进而识别植被结构的种群水平配置规律。结果表明:降水减少驱动多年生优势植物种被一年生植物替代,如糙隐子草(Cleistogenes squarrosa)的重要值和生态位宽度可由0.21和5.06降低至0,而降水增加仅微调各优势种的优势度。降水变化下,植被指示种功能分异明显:降水增加以多年生植物为主,如糙隐子草指示值可达0.25;降水减少以半灌木为主,如兴安胡枝子(Lespedeza bicolor)指示值可达0.23;阶段性干旱则为猪毛菜(Salsola collina)等一年生植物,指示值为0.39。植被泛化种对阶段性干旱较为敏感,植被特化种对极端降水变化较为敏感,二者生态位收缩均触发中性类群物种数占比增加以填补空缺。具有高重要值、高指示性、广生态位或特殊生态位的关键种均可对降水处理组间差异具有重要贡献。这些关键种群结构特征对降水的极端变化、减少及春季变化会更敏感。本研究强调结合降水格局与对应关键缓冲植物种来优化植被空间配置的可行性,可为半干旱沙质草地植被响应气候变化的适应性管理提供理论支撑。

关键词: 降水格局, 植物种群, 优势种, 指示种, 生态位

Abstract:

In arid and semi-arid terrestrial ecosystems, the dynamics of key plant populations constitute a central driver of vegetation structural reorganization, and serve as the ecological foundation for vegetation responses to precipitation changes. This study focuses on the Horqin Sandy Grassland vegetation of northern China's semi-arid area. Through controlled experiments manipulating precipitation regimes, we investigated the response pathways of diverse key populations to precipitation changes and their characteristics of ecological functional differentiation, thereby identifying the population-level configuration patterns of vegetation structure. Results demonstrated that: precipitation reduction drove the replacement of perennial dominant species (e.g., Cleistogenes squarrosa, with its importance value and ecological niche breadth declining from 0.21 and 5.06 to near zero, respectively) by annual plants, while precipitation increase only moderately adjusted the dominance hierarchy among species. Indicator species exhibited distinct functional differentiation under precipitation changes: perennials (e.g., Cleistogenes squarrosa with an indicator value of 0.25) dominated under increased precipitation, semi-shrubs (e.g., Lespedeza davurica with an indicator value of 0.23) prevailed under decreased precipitation, and annuals (e.g., Salsola collina with an indicator value of 0.39) proliferated under seasonal droughts. Generalist species showed heightened sensitivity to seasonal droughts, whereas specialists responded markedly to extreme precipitation fluctuations. Niche contraction in both groups triggered an species percentage increase in neutral taxa to fill ecological vacancies. Key populations characterized by high-importance values, strong indicator properties, broad ecological niches, or specialized niches can significantly contributed to inter-treatment differences. Notably, these key populations showed higher sensitivity to extreme precipitation changes, negative precipitation anomalies, and spring-season precipitation changes. This work underscores the feasibility of optimizing vegetation configurations by integrating precipitation regimes with their corresponding buffering species, providing theoretical foundations for adaptive management of sandy grassland ecosystems in semi-arid regions.

Key words: precipitation regime, plant population, dominant species, indicator species, ecological niche

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