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中国沙漠 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (5): 31-42.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2026.00019

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光伏电站对盐碱地土壤细菌群落结构及功能的影响

东双娟1(), 蔡兆山2, 何昱璇3, 李青3, 曹毅博1, 肖建华4, 马瑞1()   

  1. 1.甘肃农业大学 林学院,甘肃 兰州 730070
    2.华电甘肃能源有限公司,甘肃 兰州 730300
    3.中国电建集团北京勘测设计研究院有限公司,北京 100024
    4.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,甘肃 兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-22 修回日期:2026-03-03 出版日期:2026-09-20 发布日期:2026-11-02
  • 通讯作者: 马瑞
  • 作者简介:东双娟(2003—),女,甘肃定西人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为荒漠生态学。E-mail: 2180642251@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国华电有限公司重点科技项目(CHDKJ23-04-01-61)

Effects of photovoltaic power station construction on soil bacterial community structure and function in saline-alkaline land

Shuangjuan Dong1(), Zhaoshan Cai2, Yuxuan He3, Qing Li3, Yibo Cao1, Jianhua Xiao4, Rui Ma1()   

  1. 1.College of Forestry,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China
    2.CHD Gansu Energy Co. ,Ltd,Lanzhou 730300,China
    3.Power China Beijing Engineering Corporation Limited,Beijing 100024,China
    4.Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
  • Received:2025-12-22 Revised:2026-03-03 Online:2026-09-20 Published:2026-11-02
  • Contact: Rui Ma

摘要:

本研究以甘肃省民勤县红砂岗200 MW光伏发电基地为研究对象,系统探究了光伏电站建设对盐碱地这一特殊生境土壤理化性质、微生物群落结构及功能的影响。通过测定光伏电站内部太阳能发电板板间(IP)、板檐(FP)、板下(UP)及外部未经人为干扰的对照区域(CK)表层土壤(0~20 cm)的理化性质,并基于16S rDNA对其进行高通量测序与功能预测分析,揭示了光伏电站建设对盐碱地土壤环境和微生物结构的调控作用。结果表明:(1)光伏电站建设显著改善了盐碱地土壤水分与养分状况,其中UP位置改善效果最好,土壤含水率、有机碳、全氮、全钾含量分别为CK的2.32、2.71、2.81、3.09倍,提升明显;(2)光伏电站内部土壤微生物多样性显著高于场外对照区,UP的物种丰富度与Shannon指数较CK分别增加26.28%和15.56%;(3)建设光伏电站使盐碱地土壤细菌群落结构发生明显变化,与CK相比,IP、FP和UP的芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadota)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)和浮霉菌门(Planctomycetota)的相对丰度均显著提升,在属水平上,FP位置的嗜盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)和UP位置的特鲁珀氏菌属(Truepera)相对丰度较CK增幅显著,分别为CK的28.87倍和138.74倍;(4)Mantel分析表明,土壤pH、电导率、含水量和全氮是驱动盐碱地土壤微生物群落变化的关键环境因子;(5)功能预测结果显示,盐碱地土壤细菌功能以新陈代谢为主,其中碳水化合物代谢、氨基酸代谢等途径在电站内部较CK显著增强。本研究为光伏发电背景下盐碱地土壤微生物生态响应提供理论依据,对干旱区生态恢复与土壤可持续利用具有一定参考价值。

关键词: 盐碱地, 光伏发电, 土壤细菌, 群落结构, 功能预测

Abstract:

This study systematically investigates the impact of photovoltaic (PV) power station construction on the soil physicochemical properties, microbial community structure, and function in the special habitat of saline-alkali land, taking the 200 MW PV power generation base in Hongshagang, Minqin County, Gansu Province China, as the research object. By measuring the physicochemical properties of surface soil (0-20 cm) from different locations within the PV station-namely between panels (IP), at the front edge of panels (FP), and under panels (UP)-and comparing them with an external control area undisturbed by human activity (CK), and by conducting high-throughput sequencing and functional prediction analysis based on 16S rDNA, this research reveals the regulatory effects of PV station construction on the soil environment and microbial structure in saline-alkali land. The results indicate that: (1) PV station construction significantly improved soil moisture and nutrient conditions in the saline-alkali land, with the UP position showing the most pronounced improvement, where soil water content, organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total potassium contents were 2.32, 2.71, 2.81, and 3.09 times that of CK, respectively; (2) Soil microbial diversity within the PV station was significantly higher than in the external control area, with the OTU richness and Shannon index in UP increasing by 26.28% and 15.56% compared to CK; (3) PV station construction induced significant changes in the bacterial community structure of the saline-alkali soil. Compared with CK, the relative abundances of the phyla Gemmatimonadetes, Bacteroidetes, and Planctomycetes in IP, FP, and UP were significantly increased. At the genus level, the relative abundances of Halomonas in FP and Truepera in UP increased significantly, being 28.83 times and 152 times that of CK, respectively; (4) Mantel analysis showed that soil pH, electrical conductivity, water content, and total nitrogen were the key environmental factors driving changes in the soil microbial community; (5) Functional prediction results indicated that the primary function of soil bacteria in the saline-alkali land was metabolism, with pathways such as carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism being significantly enhanced within the PV station compared to CK. This study provides a theoretical basis for understanding the ecological response of soil microorganisms in saline-alkali lands under the context of photovoltaic power generation and offers valuable insights for ecological restoration and sustainable soil use in arid regions.

Key words: saline-alkali land, photovoltaic power generation, soil bacteria, community structure, functional prediction

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