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中国沙漠 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (5): 358-370.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2026.00031

• • 上一篇    

东北亚地区沙尘气溶胶浓度及其影响因素

王丽君1,2(), 杜鹤强1(), 范亚伟1,2, 杨胜飞1,2, 刘永杰1,2   

  1. 1.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 干旱区生态安全与可持续发展全国重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730000
    2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-26 修回日期:2026-03-06 出版日期:2026-09-20 发布日期:2026-11-02
  • 通讯作者: 杜鹤强
  • 作者简介:王丽君:(2002—),女,甘肃张掖人,硕士研究生,主要从事土壤风蚀方面的研究。E-mail: 19108170063@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(42271016)

Spatiotemporal variations and driving factors of dust aerosol concentration in Northeast Asia

Lijun Wang1,2(), Heqiang Du1(), Yawei Fan1,2, Shengfei Yang1,2, Yongjie Liu1,2   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
  • Received:2025-12-26 Revised:2026-03-06 Online:2026-09-20 Published:2026-11-02
  • Contact: Heqiang Du

摘要:

沙尘气溶胶作为大气环境与气候变化的重要因子,其驱动机制研究对东北亚地区生态治理与气候适应策略制定至关重要。尽管已有研究从气象条件、生态过程以及人类活动等多方面阐述了沙尘气溶胶浓度的驱动机制,但相关因子之间往往表现出显著的非线性关联及多尺度变异特征。本文基于多种再分析资料,综合运用趋势分析与机器学习方法,系统地探讨了沙尘气溶胶的时空演变及其影响因素。结果表明:(1)在空间上,东北亚沙尘气溶胶浓度呈西高东低空间分布规律,高值区集中于蒙古戈壁及中国西北沙漠地区等沙尘源区,低值区主要集中在中国长江中下游地区、朝鲜半岛、日本等沙尘沉降区;在时间上,Theil-Sen趋势分析与Mann-Kendall显著性检验显示东北亚年均沙尘气溶胶浓度呈现出波动上升趋势,月均沙尘气溶胶浓度4月为峰值期。(2)在各机器学习模型中XGBoost模型展现出较好的模拟能力。(3)不同气候区驱动因子重要性存在显著差异,极端干旱区以风速为主导,干旱区风速是影响沙尘气溶胶浓度的最关键要素,其次为温度和土壤湿度,半干旱和亚湿润地区叶面积指数贡献率较高,湿润区相对湿度的作用较为显著,表征了从沙尘释放区到沉降区,气溶胶浓度分别受释放强度与沉降速率的影响。

关键词: 沙尘气溶胶浓度, 时空变化, 东北亚地区, 影响因素, 机器学习

Abstract:

Dust aerosols are an important factor affecting the atmospheric environment and climate change, and research into their driving mechanisms is crucial for ecological restoration and climate adaptation strategy development in Northeast Asia. Although previous studies have explained the drivers of dust aerosol concentrations from multiple perspectives—such as meteorological conditions, ecological processes, and human activities—the relationships among these factors often exhibit pronounced nonlinearity and multi-scale variability. Based on multiple reanalysis datasets, this study integrates trend analysis and machine learning methods to systematically investigate the spatiotemporal evolution of dust aerosols and their driving mechanisms in Northeast Asia. The results show that: (1) Spatially, dust aerosol concentrations in Northeast Asia follow a high in the west, low in the east pattern, with high-value areas concentrated in dust source regions such as the Mongolian Gobi and the deserts of northwestern China, while low-value areas are mainly located in dust deposition regions including the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China, the Korean Peninsula, and Japan. Temporally, Theil-Sen trend estimation and the Mann-Kendall significance test indicate a fluctuating upward trend in the annual mean dust aerosol concentration across Northeast Asia, and the monthly mean concentration peaks in April. (2) Among the machine learning models, XGBoost demonstrates superior simulation performance. (3) The importance of driving factors differs markedly among climate zones: wind speed dominates in extremely arid zones; in arid zones, wind speed is the most critical factor, followed by temperature and soil moisture; in semi-arid and sub-humid zones, leaf area index contributes relatively more; and in humid zones, relative humidity plays a more significant role. These patterns indicate that, from dust emission areas to deposition areas, aerosol concentrations are primarily controlled by emission intensity and deposition rate, respectively. This study provides a scientific basis for improving understanding of dust aerosol evolution mechanisms in Northeast Asia and for developing region-specific prevention and control strategies.

Key words: dust aerosol concentration, spatiotemporal variation, Northeast Asia, driving factors, machine learning

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