绿洲灌区参考作物蒸散量的测算

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 参考作物蒸散量(ET0)是计算作物需水量的关键因子,目前计算ET0最准确的方法主要是FAO Penman-Monteith模型,但该模型需要大量的参数而在有些地区难以应用。为了寻求利用有限参数确定ET0的适用方法,将模拟蒸散仪（Simulated ETgage Atmometer）实测ET0值与FAO Penman-Monteith等7种常用的、参数需求不同的模型计算的ET0值进行了比较研究。结果表明:①模拟蒸散仪实测ET0值与FAO Penman-Monteith模型计算结果非常接近,说明绿洲灌区ET0可以用模拟蒸散仪直接测定,若参数齐全也可用FAO Penman-Monteith模型直接计算;②如果有效参数仅可满足Hargreaves模型计算需求,也可用该模型计算ET0,但在精确的灌溉设计和农田水量平衡测算中该模型计算的5—8月值需要降低5.2%;③建立了Jensen-Haise、FAO-17 Penman、FAO-24 Radiation等模型的修正模型,若有效参数仅能满足这些模型的计算需求,就可用这些修正模型准确计算试区ET0;④Makkink模型和Priestley-Taylor模型不能用于试区ET0的准确计算。

关键词: 参考作物蒸散量, 模型, 模拟蒸散仪, 绿洲灌区

Abstract: Evapotranspiration (ET0) of reference crop is a very important parameter in calculating crop water requirement. The most precise calculation of ET0 is based on the FAO Penman-Monteith model, but successful application of this model requires a lot of parameters that make it impossible to be used in some areas. In this paper, the ET0 values obtained from ETgage Atmometer and 7 popular simulateion models such as FAO Penman-Monteith etc. were compared to explore a simpler method for estimating ET0 in oasis areas of Gansu Corridor. The ET0 from a ETgage Atmometer was very similar to the calculated ET0 simulated by the FAO Penman-Monteith model in the oasis areas of Gansu Corridor, so the ETgage Atmometer can measure ET0 precisely, and the Penman-Monteith model can also be used to precisely calculated ET0 if all required parameters can be satisfied. If available parameters can be satisfied in Hargreaves model, the model can also be used to calculate ET0 in this area, but the simulated ET0 in May to August needs to be decreased by 5.2% when it used for precise irrigation designing and field water balance calculating. The models of Jensen-Haise, FAO-17 Penman and FAO-24 Radiation were modified in the paper, these modified models can also be used to estimate ET0 in Gansu Corridor if the required parameters were available. The Makkink model and Priestley-Taylor model cannot be used in this area.

Key words: evapotranspiration of reference crop, model, simulated ETgage atmometer, oasis area

中图分类号:

S161.4

李玲玲;黄高宝*. 绿洲灌区参考作物蒸散量的测算[J]. 中国沙漠, 2011, 31(1): 142-148.

LI Ling-ling;HUANG Gao-bao. Evapotranspiration of Reference Crop in Oasis Area[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2011, 31(1): 142-148.

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