乌兰布和沙漠农田沙害特征及其时空变化规律

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 风沙严重威胁着乌兰布和沙漠农田的健康运行。通过野外调查与室内分析相结合的方法,对农田沙害形式、特征及时空变化规律进行了分析。结果表明:①流沙入侵和土壤风蚀是危害农田的主要形式,其沙源主要为绿洲内部土壤风蚀和零星分布的流动沙丘及绿洲外部的流沙前移和风沙流活动;②农田沙害具有普遍性、季节性、各向异性、累积性和影响因素的多样性等特性;③绿洲内农田土壤风蚀由绿洲边缘向绿洲中心逐渐减弱,风蚀深度和强度下降。同一林网内,则由边缘向中心增加,防护林及地埂后一定距离内表现为沉积,其余地段表现为风蚀;沙质农田较黏质农田的风蚀深度和强度大。时间变化上,表现为秋季弱,春季强的特点。

关键词: 乌兰布和沙漠, 绿洲, 农田沙害, 土壤风蚀

Abstract: Wind-sand disaster is severely threatening the normal function of oasis farmland in Ulan Buh Desert. Forms, characteristics, spatio-temporal variation of wind-sand disaster threatening oasis farmland were investigated with methods of field observation and laboratory experiment. The results show that shifting-sand intrusion and wind erosion are the main forms of sand disasters, and sand source mostly comes from eroded soil, sporadic shifting sand dune inside oasis, sand movement and sand flowing activity outside oasis. Wind-sand disaster has the characteristics of generality, seasonality, anisotropy, cumulative effect and diversity etc. Soil wind erosion in oasis farmland decreases from the oasis edge to the core, and depth and intensity of soil wind erosion decreases too. In the same forest network, erosion depth and intensity increase from the edge to the core of farmland. Sand matter deposits near the shelter belt edge and field ridge, and soil erosion happens in the other areas. Erosion depth and intensity are larger in sandy farmland than that in clay farmland. Wind erosion is weaker in autumn but stronger in spring.

Key words: Ulan Buh desert, oasis, farmland sand disaster, soil erosion

中图分类号:

X171.1

李红丽;董智*;左合君;郝玉光. 乌兰布和沙漠农田沙害特征及其时空变化规律[J]. 中国沙漠, 2011, 31(2): 346-351.

LI Hong-li;DONG Zhi;ZUO He-jun;HAO Yu-guang. Farmland Wind-sand Disaster and Its Spatio-temporal Variation in Ulan Buh Desert[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2011, 31(2): 346-351.

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