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中国沙漠 ›› 2014, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (3): 725-731.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2014.00021

• 生物与土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

生物土壤结皮与种子附属物对4种荒漠植物种子萌发的交互影响

李国栋1,2, 张元明1   

  1. 1. 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 干旱区生物地理与生物资源重点实验室, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011;
    2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2013-12-01 修回日期:2014-02-24 出版日期:2014-05-20 发布日期:2014-05-20
  • 作者简介:李国栋(1987-),男,河南安阳人,硕士研究生,主要从事干旱区植物生态学研究。Email:guodong2092008@sina.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(U1203301)资助

Interactive Effects of Biological Soil Crusts and Seed Appendages on Seed Germination of Four Desert Species

Li Guodong1,2, Zhang Yuanming1   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China;
    2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • Received:2013-12-01 Revised:2014-02-24 Online:2014-05-20 Published:2014-05-20
  • Contact: 张元明(Email:zhangym@ms.xjb.ac.cn)

摘要: 生物土壤结皮能直接或间接地影响维管植物种子萌发与群落建成,种子本身的生物学特征(如种子附属物等)对萌发也存在一定影响。本研究选取古尔班通古特沙漠4种常见的具有不同形态附属物的藜科植物(梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron )、粗枝猪毛菜(Salsola subcrassa )、心叶驼绒藜(Ceratoides ewersmanniana )和角果藜(Ceratocarpus arenarius ))种子,设置苔藓结皮、地衣结皮和裸沙3种土壤基质,通过去除或保留种子附属物,对比研究了生物土壤结皮与种子附属物对种子萌发的影响。结果表明:粗枝猪毛菜和梭梭的苞片显著抑制了种子萌发(p <0.05),心叶驼绒藜的柔毛和角果藜的刺状附属物对种子萌发没有显著影响(p >0.05)。与裸沙相比,苔藓结皮显著抑制了4种植物种子的萌发(p <0.05),地衣结皮显著抑制了粗枝猪毛菜种子的萌发(p <0.01),而对其他3种植物种子的萌发无显著影响(p >0.05)。同时,附属物与结皮对粗枝猪毛菜种子的萌发还具有交互作用,表现为显著抑制种子萌发(p <0.01)。可见,生物土壤结皮对具有不同附属物的荒漠植物种子萌发具有不同的影响,进而造成维管植物种子萌发的空间异质性,影响维管植物分布和多样性。

关键词: 生物土壤结皮, 附属物, 种子萌发, 荒漠植物, 古尔班通古特沙漠

Abstract: Biological soil crusts (BSCs) have been found in deserts all over the world and may constitute as high as 70% of the living cover in some plant communities. BSCs can directly or indirectly influence seed germination and establishment of vascular plants,and seeds biological characteristics (such as seed appendages) also play an important role on seed germination.However, the interactive effects of BSCs and seed appendages on seed germination are poorly understand.In this study, our objective was to know more about BSCs-seed appendages interaction on seed germination of dominant vascular plants in the Gurbantunggut Desert of western China.We chose four typical, widely distributed Chenopodiaceous species (Haloxylon ammodendron,Salsola subcrassa, Ceratoides ewersmanniana and Ceratocarpus arenarius) which owned different seed appendages. Seeds belonged to two treatments (appendages were removed and remained) were sown at the surface of three matrices (moss crusts, lichen crusts, bare sand) and their emergence was observed. Final germination results showed that seed's bracts appendages of H. ammodendron and S. subcrassa significantly inhibited germination rate.Hair appendages of C. ewersmanniana and spine appendages of C. arenarius had no significant effects on seed germination. Moss crusts should be noted because they significantly inhibited seed germination of all species. Although lichen crusts significantly inhibited seed germination of S. subcrassa, they had no obvious effect on the rest three species. Among the four species,the seed germination of S. subcrassa was significantly inhibited due to the BSCs-seeds appendages interaction.Hence, BSCs have different effects on seed germination of desert plants that with different appendages, resulting in the spatial heterogeneity of seed germination of vascular plants, and affect the distribution and diversity of vascular plants.

Key words: biological soil crust, appendage, seed germination, desert plants, Gurbantunggut Desert

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