荒漠绿洲区间作和密植对作物产量和水分利用效率的影响

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2016.00035

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对间作种植模式下密植潜力薄弱、水资源不足、生产实践中难以同步提高产量和水分利用效率(WUE)的问题,在河西荒漠绿洲区通过大田试验研究了4个(5.25、6.00、6.75、7.50万株·hm^-2)玉米密度水平下玉米间作豌豆群体的产量和水分利用效率,以期为构建禾豆间作在密植条件下的高效节水技术提供理论依据。结果表明:玉米间作豌豆的土地当量比(LER)平均达到1.16,且LER随玉米密度的增大而增大。单位面积间作玉米的产量平均达到了相应单作的74.87%;随玉米密度的增大,作物产量的最大值均出现在高密度(6.75、7.50万株·hm^-2)处理中。间作0~120 cm土层平均土壤含水量平均低于单作玉米1.60%,但平均高于单作豌豆6.70%;两年内单作玉米和间作0~120 cm土层平均土壤含水量均在高密度(7.50万株·hm^-2)处理时最大。由于土壤贮水量、降雨量、灌水等诸多因素的影响,间作较单作增加了耗水量(ET),上述间作的ET比单作高19.23%~23.66%。与单作WUE加权平均相比较,间作的WUE分别高于单作11.08%、13.32%、18.86%和28.06%;不同玉米密度处理中,密度3(6.75万株·hm^-2)的WUE表现出了优势。因此,在河西荒漠绿洲区,同步提高作物产量和水分利用效率的有效措施之一是间作和密植条件。

关键词: 间作, 密植效应, 产量, 耗水量, 水分利用效率

Abstract:

In order to provide theoretical basis for set up efficient water conservation technology under close-planting of maize/pea intercropping system for the problem was close-planting potential weak research under the intercropping cultivation conditions, water resources deficit, the lack of improved yield and water use efficiency (WUE) together in production, a field experiment was conducted to investigate yield and WUE of 4 planting density of maize (52 500, 60 000, 67 500 and 75 000 plant·hm^-2) in the Desert Oasis region of Hexi Gansu, China. The results showed that the land equivalent ratios (LER) of different treatments reached 1.16 equally, and LER was raised with the increase of different maize density. In addition, the yield of maize in maize/pea intercropping attained 74.87% compared with mono-cropping maize in relative area, and the maximum of crop yield all appeared in the high density (67 500 and 75 000 plant·hm^-2) treatments. Besides, soil moisture of 0~120 cm profile of intercropping pattern was lower than mono-cropping maize 1.60% and higher than mono-cropping pea 6.70%. In two years, the largest soil moisture 0~120 cm profile of mono-cropping maize and intercropping pattern all assumed in the high density (75 000 plant·hm^-2) treatment. Influenced by soil water stored capacity, rainfall capacity, irrigation, the ET of intercropping pattern was enhanced, and it was superior to mono-cropping 19.23%~23.66%. Furthermore, compared to the WUE of mono-cropping maize and pea, the WUE of intercropping pattern was increased by 11.08%, 13.32%, 18.86%, 28.06%, the density 3 (75 000 plant·hm^-2) putted up preponderance. In short, intercropping and close-planting is the one of best measures which can enhanced yield and WUE equally in the Desert Oasis region of Hexi.

Key words: intercropping, close-planting effect, yield, water consumption, WUE

中图分类号:

S344.2

赵洋, 赵怀勇, 张红菊, 柴强. 荒漠绿洲区间作和密植对作物产量和水分利用效率的影响[J]. 中国沙漠, 2016, 36(3): 681-687.

Zhao Yang, Zhao Huaiyong, Zhang Hongju, Chai Qiang. Crop Yield and WUE under Intercropping and High-Planting-Density System in Desert Oasis Region[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2016, 36(3): 681-687.

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